Preterm infants have increased body adiposity at term-equivalent age and risk of adverse metabolic outcomes. The aim of the study was to define how nutrient intake may impact body composition (BC) of very low-birth weight infants fed with early progressive enteral feeding and standard fortification. Eighty-six infants with <1500 g birth weight were included in the BC study and stratified into extremely preterm (EP) and very preterm (VP) groups. Nutrient intake was calculated during the first 28 days and BC assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry at discharge and by skinfold thickness at 12 months of corrected age (CA). Total nutrient intake did not differ between the groups. EP infants had a higher fat mass percentage at discharge than VP infants (24.8% vs. 19.4%, p < 0.001); lean mass did not differ. None of the nutrients had any impact on BC of EP infants. Protein intake did not result in a higher lean mass in either group; fat intake was a significant predictor of increased fat mass percentage in VP infants at discharge (p = 0.007) and body adiposity at 12 months of CA (p = 0.021). Nutritional needs may depend on gestational age and routine fortification should be used with caution in more mature infants. Full article

Current conceptualizations of dental caries etiology center primarily on the local role of sugar, starch, or other fermentable carbohydrates on tooth enamel demineralization—a well-established and empirically supported mechanism. However, in addition to this mechanism, studies dating back to the early 1900s point to an important systemic role of diet and nutrition, particularly from pasture-raised animal-source foods (ASF), in dental caries etiology and arrest. Findings from animal and human studies suggest that adherence to a diet high in calcium, phosphorus, fat-soluble vitamins A and D, and antioxidant vitamin C, as well as low in phytates, may contribute to arrest and reversal of dental caries, particularly among children. Furthermore, findings from observational and experimental studies of humans across the life-course suggest that fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K2 may interact to protect against dental caries progression, even within a diet that regularly contains sugar. While these historic studies have not been revisited in decades, we emphasize the need for them to be reinvestigated and contextualized in the 21st century. Specifically, methodologically rigorous studies are needed to reinvestigate whether historical knowledge of systemic impacts of nutrition on dental health can help to inform current conceptualizations of dental caries etiology, prevention, and arrest. Full article

Background: Pathologies of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon are a common cause of anterior shoulder pain. While the influence of the anatomical morphology of the intertubercular groove (ITG) on the development of LHB tendon instability has been investigated with ambiguous results, the relationship of the LHB to ITG anatomy has not yet been considered in this context. The objective of this study was to reliably extract the tendon-to-groove ratio from MRI scans of symptomatic patients and examine its potential influence on the occurrence of certain causes for LHB-associated symptoms. Methods: In this retrospective study, preoperative MRI scans of 35 patients (mean age of 46 ± 14 years) presenting with anterior shoulder pain and clinical indications of LHB tendinopathy were analyzed in transversal planes. Long and short diameters of the LHB tendon and ITG were measured, cross-sectional areas of the LHB tendon and ITG were calculated from these measurements, and the ratio of cross-sectional areas (LHB/ITG) was introduced. All measurements were repeated independently by three investigators and inter-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Thereafter, tendon-to-groove ratios were compared in patients with and without intraoperative signs of LHB tendon instability. Results: All patients exhibited intraoperative signs of LHB tendinitis, with additional findings including pulley lesions and SLAP lesions. Analysis revealed variations in the dimensions of the LHB tendon and ITG cross sections, with the tendon-to-groove ratio decreasing from 37% at the pulley to 31% at the deepest point of the sulcus. Very good inter-rater reliability was observed for all measurements. The tendon-to-groove ratio did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in patients with or without pulley lesions or SLAP lesions. Conclusions: Our study introduced the novel parameter of the tendon-to-groove ratio of cross-sectional areas as a reproducible parameter for the description of local anatomy in the field of targeted diagnosis of LHB tendon disorders. While our findings do not yet support the predictive value of the tendon-to-groove ratio, they underscore the importance of further research with larger cohorts and control groups to validate these observations. Full article

This study investigated the meat quality, expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and metabolism-related genes, ribonucleotides and fatty acids in Longissimus thoracis of Thai native pigs (TNPs) from different geographical regions (GR). Forty-one 9–10-month-old castrated TNPs (BW 60 kg), consisting of 18, 11 and 12 pigs from Northern (NT), Southern (ST) and Northeastern (NE) regions, respectively, were slaughtered. GR did not affect (p > 0.05) the expression of MyHC, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase 1 and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein genes. The trend of MyHC was MyHC IIx > MyHC IIb > MyHC IIa > MyHC I. The NT loin had higher (p < 0.05) glycogen, C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and cooking loss, lower inosine, inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine and a shorter sarcomere length than the ST and NE loins. The ST loin had a lower (p < 0.05) a* compared to other loins. Principal component analysis established significant relationships between the TNP and specific meat quality traits. This finding suggests that GR affected the meat quality, ribonucleotides and selected fatty acids in TNPs. These results provide relevant information that can be used to optimize the use of Thai native pork. Full article

The ablation impulse of typical asteroid simulants irradiated by a nanosecond pulsed laser has been investigated in a vacuum environment. A torsional pendulum measurement system was constructed to calculate the impulse of laser ablation. A 10 ns pulsed laser was used, with a 1064 nm wavelength, a 900 mJ maximum pulse energy, and a millimeter-scale ablation spot diameter. Impulsive coupling characteristics of six typical targets that imitate the substance of asteroids with various laser fluences were analyzed. Furthermore, the impulse coupling coefficient curves of different materials were fitted. The results reveal that the minimum laser fluence corresponding to a measurable ablation impulse is approximately 2.5 J/cm², and the optimum laser fluence corresponding to the maximum impulse coupling coefficient is approximately 14.0 J/cm². The trends of the laser ablation impulse coupling curves are roughly consistent for the six materials. Impulse coupling characteristics of the six typical materials can be represented by the same polynomial within a 95% confidence interval, so a unified rule has been given. In actual deflection tasks of asteroids, the unified impulse coupling characteristic can be used to implement laser deflection techniques, especially when the material of the asteroid cannot be accurately judged in time. Full article

Mining and metallurgy are the main sources of soil contamination with harmful metals, posing a significant threat to human health and ecosystems. River floodplains in the vicinity of metal mines or industrial plants are often subject to flooding with sediments containing heavy metals, which can be harmful to the soil ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the microbial properties of the soil at a metal-contaminated site and to determine the significant relationships between the biological and chemical properties of the soil. The study site was located near the village of Gyöngyösoroszi, in the Mátra mountain region of northwest Hungary. A phytoremediation experiment was conducted in a metal-polluted floodplain using willow and corn plantations. The soil basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), acid phosphatase activities, and soil chemical properties were measured. The soil of the contaminated sites had significantly higher levels of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ca, whereas the unpolluted sites had significantly higher levels of phosphorus and potassium. The substrate-induced respiration showed a positive correlation with MBC and negative correlations with the metabolic quotient (qCO₂). The soil plasticity index and phosphorus showed a positive correlation with MBC, whereas salinity and the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, As, and Cu showed a negative correlation. Acid phosphomonoesterase activity negatively correlated with the plant-available phosphorus content and MBC, but was positively correlated with the contents of toxic elements, including cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic, and copper. This study found a significant correlation between the qCO₂ and the toxic element content. This suggests that an enhanced metabolic quotient (qCO₂), together with a decreased MBC/SOC ratio, could be used to indicate the harmful effect of soil contamination by heavy metals in floodplain soils. Full article

The growing adoption of electric propulsion systems in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) necessitates advancements in shipboard electronics for safe, efficient, and reliable operation. These advancements are crucial for tasks such as real-time sensor data processing, control algorithms for autonomous navigation, and robust decision-making capabilities. This study investigates research trends in MASSs, using bibliographic analysis to identify policy and future research directions in this evolving field. We analyze 3363 MASS-related articles from the Web of Science database, employing co-occurrence word analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The findings reveal a rapidly growing field dominated by image recognition research. Keywords such as “datum”, “image”, and “detection” suggest a focus on collecting and analyzing marine data, particularly with deep learning for synthetic aperture radar imagery. LDA confirms this, with “image analysis and classification research” as the leading topic. The study also identifies national and organizational leaders in MASS research. However, research on Arctic routes lags behind that on other areas. This work provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, promoting a deeper understanding of MASSs and informing future policy and research agendas regarding the integration of electric propulsion systems within the maritime industry. Full article

In recent years, optical systems near the diffraction limit have been widely used in high-end applications. Evidently, an analytical solution of the point spread function (PSF) will help to enhance both understanding and dealing with the imaging process. This paper analyzes the Fresnel diffraction of diffraction-limited optical systems in defocused conditions. For this work, an analytical solution of the defocused PSF was obtained using the series expansion of the confluent hypergeometric functions. The analytical expression of the defocused optical transfer function is also presented herein for comparison with the PSF. Additionally, some characteristic parameters for the PSF are provided, such as the equivalent bandwidth and the Strehl ratio. Comparing the PSF obtained using the fast Fourier transform algorithm of an optical system with known, detailed parameters to the analytical solution derived in this paper using only the typical parameters, the root mean square errors of the two methods were found to be less than 3% in the weak and medium defocus range. The attractive advantages of the universal model, which is independent of design details, objective types, and applications, are discussed. Full article

Clinical and preclinical studies have provided conflicting data on the postulated beneficial effects of vitamin D in patients with prostate cancer. In this opinion piece, we discuss reasons for discrepancies between preclinical and clinical vitamin D studies. Different criteria have been used as evidence for the key roles of vitamin D. Clinical studies report integrative cancer outcome criteria such as incidence and mortality in relation to vitamin D status over time. In contrast, preclinical vitamin D studies report molecular and cellular changes resulting from treatment with the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (calcitriol) in tissues. However, these reported changes in preclinical in vitro studies are often the result of treatment with biologically irrelevant high calcitriol concentrations. In typical experiments, the used calcitriol concentrations exceed the calcitriol concentrations in normal and malignant prostate tissue by 100 to 1000 times. This raises reasonable concerns regarding the postulated biological effects and mechanisms of these preclinical vitamin D approaches in relation to clinical relevance. This is not restricted to prostate cancer, as detailed data regarding the tissue-specific concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are currently lacking. The application of unnaturally high concentrations of calcitriol in preclinical studies appears to be a major reason why the results of preclinical in vitro studies hardly match up with outcomes of vitamin D-related clinical studies. Regarding future studies addressing these concerns, we suggest establishing reference ranges of tissue-specific vitamin D metabolites within various cancer entities, carrying out model studies on human cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with biologically relevant calcitriol concentrations, and lastly improving the design of vitamin D clinical trials where results from preclinical studies guide the protocols and endpoints within these trials. Full article

This paper is based on a project which aims to understand the contribution of motricity—in particular, motor games—to the development of autonomy in preschool children, with or without special education needs. A group of 18 children, with an average age of 4.5 years, from a public school took part in the study. An intervention program based on motor games was implemented and tested to promote the children’s autonomy. The program lasted two months, with one 45-min session per week. Using a questionnaire designed for this purpose, the children’s autonomy was assessed pre- and post-intervention. The children’s satisfaction with the sessions was assessed throughout the intervention. The main results were improvements in the autonomy of all the children and their high satisfaction with the program. The participation of children, with and without specific needs, in the entire program shows the use of differentiated practices that allowed everyone to be included in this process. Full article

A positive and collaborative partnership between parents and schools is required to improve the education of children with special educational needs. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the educational context in the Arab community in Israel based on the perceptions and beliefs of parents of children with special educational needs about their children’s education in relation to schools. Twenty parents of children with different special educational needs were interviewed to understand their thoughts and beliefs about special education in the Arab community in Israel. Six core categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews [i.e., (a) parenting, (b) learning at home, (c) communicating, (d) volunteering, (e) inclusion of parents in decision-making related to their children, and (f) teachers’ attitudes towards children from the perspective of parents], which were perceived as axes with high potential to improve special education in this community and guarantee an optimal education for children with special needs. The role of the school as a tool to assist parents is highlighted, with the aim of empowering them and encouraging their active participation in school processes with a clear educational policy that clarifies the demands of the school system for parents and vice versa. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the importance of teachers in a child’s life, emphasizing the potential benefits of cooperation and collaboration between teachers, students, and parents. Full article

The basic hydrolysis of Malachite Green (MG) in the presence of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been studied using UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques and at 20 °C. β-CD was found to catalyze the basic hydrolysis. Indeed, this basic hydrolysis is catalyzed by the interaction cyclodextrin hydroxyl group, in its deprotonated form with the carbocation in the host-guest complex. The proposed model has been successfully applied to a reaction catalyzed by CD. It considers two simultaneous pathways in the aqueous medium involving free hydroxyl ions and the substrate-CD complex. The model allows us to obtain the kinetic parameters including the bimolecular rate constant between MG and HO⁻ in bulk water (k_w = 1.47 ± 0.01 mol⁻¹s⁻¹), the rate constant between MG and the deprotonated hydroxyl group of β-CD inside the host-guest complex (k_CD = 0.25 ± 0.03 s⁻¹) and the binding constant of MG inside the β-CD (K_S = 2500 ± 50). This behavior is like the hydrolysis of Cristal Violet (CV) in the same reaction media. Full article

Background: Critically ill patients after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge may present disability in their cognitive and physical functions. Objectives: To investigate the quality of life (QoL) of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients following ICU discharge, lung function, and physical performance of participants. Methods: This study was prospective and conducted between 2020 and 2021 in the “X” hospital. If patients were Mechanically-Ventilated (MV) > 48 h, they were included. Results: Fifty COVID-19 and seventy-two non-COVID-19 participants were included in this study. The mean (SD) of the total SF-36 scores at COVID-19 patients at hospital discharge and 3 and 12 months were 46.5 (14.5), 68.6 (17.8), and 82.3 (8.9) (p < 0.05), while non-COVID-19 participants were 48.5 (12.1), 72.2 (9.9), and 82.7 (5.4) (p < 0.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) were assessed at 3 and 12 months and significantly improved over 12 months. Conclusion: The QoL of COVID-19 patients improved significantly over time as FEV1 and 6MWD. Full article

Background: Risk factors for severe dengue manifestations have been attributed to various factors, including specific serotypes, sex, and age. Mexico has seen the re-emergence of DENV-3, which has not circulated in a decade. Objective: To describe dengue serotypes by age, sex, and their association with disease severity in dengue-positive serum samples from epidemiological surveillance system units. Materials and Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the frequency of dengue severity by sex, age, disease quarter, geographical location, and dengue virus serotypes. The study was conducted using laboratory samples from confirmed dengue cases through RT-qPCR from the epidemiological surveillance laboratory network of the Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico. Simple frequencies and proportions were calculated using the z-test for proportional differences between groups. Bivariate analysis with adjusted Chi2 was performed, and binary logistic regression models were constructed using the forward Wald method considering the model’s predictive capacity. The measure of association was the odds ratio, with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set to an alpha level of <0.05. Results: In 2023, 10,441 samples were processed for dengue RT-qPCR at the IMSS, with a predominance of serotype DENV-3 (64.4%). The samples were mostly from women (52.0%) and outpatient cases (63.3%). The distribution of dengue severity showed significant variations by age, with a lower proportion of severe cases in young children and a higher proportion in the 5- to 14-year-old group. Hospitalizations increased significantly with severity. Warm regions had more cases overall and severity. Cases were most frequent from July to September. While DENV-2 was associated with severity, DENV-4 was not. Binary regression identified higher risk in women, age extremes, and DENV-2, with an overall predictive model of 58.5%. Conclusions: Women, age groups at the extremes of life, and the DENV-2 serotype presented severe risk of dengue in a population with social security in Mexico during 2023. Full article

Excessive pressure drop within the internal flow channel of the water hydraulic throttle valve will generate severe noise. In order to reduce the noise of the throttle valve, in this paper, the model of the throttle valve was established, and the flow characteristics and acoustic characteristics of the valve were simulated. The simulation results showed that the parameters of the throat structure, such as the half angle, throat inlet angle and throat length, have a significant effect on the noise of the valve. Then, the three main structural parameters were used as optimization variables, and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and multi-island genetic algorithms (MIGA) were used to reduce the noise of the valve. The approximate model of the relationship between the structural parameters of the valve and noise was established by RBF neural networks, and MIGA was used to optimize the approximate model. Finally, the optimal valve model was established based on the obtained optimal parameters, and its noise was analyzed through simulation and experiment. The research results indicated that the optimization method, which combines RBF Neural Network and MIGA, can effectively reduce the noise of hydraulic throttle valves. Full article

Graphene hybrid-filler polymer composites have emerged as prominent materials that revolutionize heavy industries. This review paper encapsulates an in-depth analysis of different influential factors, such as filler/graphene type, aspect ratios, dispersion methods, filler-matrix compatibility, fiber orientation, synergistic effects, different processing techniques, and post-curing conditions, which affect the processing and properties of graphene hybrid polymer composites, as well as their resultant applications. Additionally, it discusses the substantial role of graphene reinforcement with other fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, silica, nano-clays, and metal oxides, to produce functionalized hybrid polymer composites with synergistically enhanced tailored properties, offering solutions for heavy industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and energy harvesting. This review concludes with some suggestions and an outlook on the future of these composite materials by emphasizing the need for continued research to fully optimize their potential. Full article

World conferences on higher education have reported the effect of social changes on university systems. Particularly, changes that induce a transformation in the academic profession. Here, we study the paradigm shift of the profession in its dimensions, trends, and future scenarios. We conduct this study in two phases: first, we applied an inventory on the perception of university teaching to a sample of 2312 professors in the region; after that, we conducted a focus group for each of the ten dimensions in which we noticed indicators of change. With the quantitative data, we performed an ANOVA to identify three clusters of professionalization with dimensions open to change and related to each other: (1) Planning, Teaching Development, and Communicative Capacity; (2) Communication, Evaluation, and Self-evaluation; (3) Professional Self-evaluation, Teaching Innovation and Improvement and Individual Learning Support. With the focus groups we have identified the need to incorporate pedagogical models of inclusive education and teaching based on technological advances as the main drivers of change. We concluded with the proposal of four possible scenarios of future professionalism: (1) entrenched professionalism; (2) semi-professionalism; (3) fragmented professionalism; or (4) balanced professionalism. Full article

Efficiently predicting and understanding refuelling patterns in the context of HFVs is paramount for optimising fuelling processes, infrastructure planning, and facilitating vehicle operation. This study evaluates several supervised machine learning methodologies for predicting the refuelling behaviour of HFVs. The LightGBM model emerged as the most effective predictive model due to its ability to handle time series and seasonal data. The selected model integrates various input variables, encompassing refuelling metrics, day of the week, and weather conditions (e.g., temperature, precipitation), to capture intricate patterns and relationships within the data set. Empirical testing and validation against real-world refuelling data underscore the efficacy of the LightGBM model, demonstrating a minimal deviation from actual data given limited data and thereby showcasing its potential to offer valuable insights to fuelling station operators, vehicle manufacturers, and policymakers. Overall, this study highlights the potential of sustainable predictive modelling for optimising fuelling processes, infrastructure planning, and facilitating vehicle operation in the context of HFVs. Full article

This article reported on the effect of Cu-content and sintering temperature on the magnetic permeability and power losses of monolithic iron-deficient NiCuZn-ferrite components with low Cu-contents aimed to be used for power applications at frequencies up to 1 MHz. In particular $\left[{\left({\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}}_{\mathsf{\alpha }}{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{b}}\right)}_{1-\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}_{\mathrm{x}}\right]{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}_{1.9}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ ferrite compositions are investigated with a constant Ni/Zn atomic ratio a/b = 0.9 and 0 < x < 0.017. As found, the addition of Cu enables the achievement of good magnetic performance at lower sintering temperatures and, therefore, lower production cost. At all Cu-contents, the initial permeability as a function of the sintering temperature passes through a maximum above which structural deterioration due to asymmetric grain growth occurs. The temperature at which this maximum permeability occurs depends on the Cu content and coincides with the achievement of the maximum density of 5.1–5.2 g cm⁻³ (relative density ~97%). At Cu-contents x = 0.006–0.012 and sintering temperatures 1200–1100 °C power losses (tan(δ)/μ at 1 MHz, 25 °C) οf 50 × 10⁻⁶ could be achieved and initial permeabilities (10 kHz, 0.1 mT, 25 °C) of around 400 with very good frequency and temperature stability. At CuO content higher than 4 wt.% (i.e., x > 0.012) and sintering temperatures higher than 1150 °C, pronounced microstructural disturbances due to asymmetric grain growth result in low permeabilities and high losses. It is suggested that at low CuO contents and low sintering temperatures, the densification enhancement may not proceed through Cu-rich phase segregation but through the creation of oxygen vacancies. Full article

Background: Although metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treatments have evolved, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a widely used regimen. Therefore, this study sought patients who did not progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) but received ADT monotherapy and factors affecting overall survival (OS) in de novo mHSPC. Methods: De novo mHSPC patients who received ADT treatment were included. ADT included luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists with or without anti-androgen. The total cohort was divided into two groups relative to CRPC progression within two years. Logistic analysis was used to identify factors that did not progress CRPC within two years. Cox regression was used to assess the independent predictors for OS. Results: The total cohort was divided into the no-CRPC within two years group (n = 135) and the CRPC within two years group (n = 126). Through multivariate logistic analysis, the life expectancy (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99, p = 0.014) and Gleason scores (≥9 vs. ≤8; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24–0.75, p = 0.003) were associated with the group without castration-resistant prostate cancer progression within two years. The multivariate Cox model revealed that life expectancy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.951, 95% CI 0.904–0.999, p = 0.0491), BMI (HR 0.870, 95% CI 0.783–0.967, p = 0.0101), and CCI (≥2 vs. <2; HR 2.018, 95% CI 1.103–3.693, p = 0.0227) were significant predictive factors for OS. Conclusions: Patients with long life expectancy and a Gleason score of 9 or more were more likely to develop mCRPC while alive. Patients with short life expectancy, low BMI, and worsening comorbidity were more likely to die before progressing to CRPC. Although intensified treatment is essential for oncologic outcomes in mHSPC, shared decision making is integral for patients who may not benefit from this treatment. Full article

This work introduces a generalized version of the pulse width modulation (PWM) switch model applied in the small-signal modeling of converters based on the multistate switching cell (MSSC) operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). It consists of extending the concept formerly introduced by Vorperian for the representation of multiphase converters in DCM, yielding a circuit-based approach that does not rely on matrix manipulations unlike state-space averaging (SSA). The derived dc and ac models are valid for any number of switching states and any operating region defined in terms of the duty cycle, thus allowing for determining the voltage gain and distinct transfer functions. A thorough discussion of results is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the derived models to represent distinct configurations of the MSSC. Full article

Addressing the current issue of limited control methods for badminton serving devices, this paper proposes a vision-based multimodal control system and method for badminton serving. The system integrates computer vision recognition technology with traditional control methods for badminton serving devices. By installing vision capture devices on the serving device, the system identifies various human body postures. Based on the content of posture information, corresponding control signals are sent to adjust parameters such as launch angle and speed, enabling multiple modes of serving. Firstly, the hardware design for the badminton serving device is presented, including the design of the actuator module through 3D modeling. Simultaneously, an embedded development board circuit is designed to meet the requirements of multimodal control. Secondly, in the aspect of visual perception for human body recognition, an improved BlazePose candidate region posture recognition algorithm is proposed based on existing posture recognition algorithms. Furthermore, mappings between posture information and hand information are established to facilitate parameter conversion for the serving device under different postures. Finally, extensive experiments validate the feasibility and stability of the developed system and method. Full article