This study presents the predicted hydrodynamic characteristics of different rudder plane configurations on the stern of a full-scale submarine in deep water, which are obtained using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes method in Ansys Fluent Solver. First, the results obtained for the X-rudder plane configuration are verified according to previous numerical and experimental results in order to assess the accuracy of the simulation procedure. The X-rudder plane, Y-rudder plane, and Cross-rudder plane configurations in deep water with deflection angles ranging from −21 degrees to +21 degrees are then simulated. Next, the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the Cross-plane, X-plane, and Y-plane rudder configurations obtained through simulation are analyzed using Taylor’s expansion to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients. The obtained results demonstrate that the X-force of the X-plane rudder configuration is larger than the corresponding forces acting on the Cross-plane rudder and Y-plane rudder configurations. Meanwhile, the Y-force and Z-force of the X-plane rudder configuration are significantly greater than the corresponding forces of the left configurations. The same tendency can be seen in the moment of the X-plane rudder about the y- and z-axes. However, the roll moment induced by the Y-plane and Cross-plane rudder configurations is significantly larger than that under the X-plane rudder configuration. Full article

Yarrowia lipolytica is a robust yeast species that has gained significant attention as a biofactory for various biotechnological applications and undoubtedly can be referred to as a hidden treasure trove due to boasting a diverse array of enzymes with wide-ranging applications in multiple industries, including biofuel production, food processing, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. As the biotechnology field continues to expand, Y. lipolytica is poised to play a pivotal role in developing eco-friendly and economically viable bioprocesses. Its versatility and potential for large-scale production make it a promising candidate for sustainably addressing various societal and industrial needs. The current review article aimed to highlight the diverse enzymatic capabilities of Y. lipolytica and provide a detailed analysis of its relevance in biocatalysis, including the use of whole-cell catalysts and isolated enzymes. The review focused on wild-type yeast strains and their species-dependant properties and selected relevant examples of Y. lipolytica used as a host organism for overexpressing some enzymes. Furthermore, the application of Y. lipolytica’s potential in enantiomers resolution, lipids processing, and biodiesel synthesis, as well as the synthesis of polymers or esterification of different substrates for upgrading biologically active compounds, was discussed. Full article

The recent rapid growth in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is enriching our daily lives but significant information security risks in IoT fields have become apparent. In fact, there have been large-scale botnet attacks that exploit undiscovered vulnerabilities, known as zero-day attacks. Several intrusion detection methods based on network traffic monitoring have been proposed to address this issue. These methods employ federated learning to share learned attack information among multiple IoT networks, aiming to improve collective detection capabilities against attacks including zero-day attacks. Although their ability to detect zero-day attacks with high precision has been confirmed, challenges such as autonomous labeling of attacks from traffic information and attack information sharing between different device types still remain. To resolve the issues, this paper proposes IDAC, a novel intrusion detection method with autonomous attack candidate labeling and federated learning-based attack candidate sharing. The labeling of attack candidates in IDAC is executed using information autonomously extracted from traffic information, and the labeling can also be applied to zero-day attacks. The federated learning-based attack candidate sharing enables candidate aggregation from multiple networks, and it executes attack determination based on the aggregated similar candidates. Performance evaluations demonstrated that IDS with IDAC within networks based on attack candidates is feasible and achieved comparable detection performance against multiple attacks including zero-day attacks compared to the existing methods while suppressing false positives in the extraction of attack candidates. In addition, the sharing of autonomously extracted attack candidates from multiple networks improves both detection performance and the required time for attack detection. Full article

The White Paper on Peak Carbon and Carbon Neutral Action 2022 states that China is to achieve peak carbon by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Based on the “3060 dual-carbon” goal, how to improve the efficiency of energy performance is an important prerequisite for building a low-carbon, energy-saving, green, and beautiful China. The office performance building studied in this paper is located in the urban area of Turpan, where the climate is characterized by an extremely hot summer environment and a cold winter environment. At the same time, the building is oriented east–west, with the main façade facing west, and the main façade consists of a large area of single-layer glass curtain wall, which is affected by western sunlight. As a result, there are serious problems with the building’s energy consumption, which in turn leads to excessive carbon emissions and high life cycle costs for the building. To address the above problems, this paper analyzes and optimizes the following four dimensions. First, the article creates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) prediction model with Total Energy Use in Buildings (TEUI), Global Warming Potential (GWP), and Life Cycle Costs (LCC) as the performance objectives. After optimization, the R² of the three are 0.9908, 0.9869, and 0.9969, respectively, thus solving the problem of low accuracy of traditional prediction models. Next, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the three performance objectives, which are reduced by 41.94%, 40.61%, and 31.29%, respectively. Then, in the program decision stage, this paper uses two empowered Topsis methods to optimize this building performance problem. Finally, the article analyzes the variables using two sensitivity analysis methods. Through the above research, this paper provides a framework of optimization ideas for office buildings in extremely hot and cold regions while focusing on the four major aspects of machine learning, multi-objective optimization, decision analysis, and sensitivity analysis systematically and completely. For the development of office buildings in the region, whether in the early program design or in the later stages, energy-saving measures to optimize the design have laid the foundation of important guidelines. Full article

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) was recently detected in Mozambique and appears to be limited to the provinces of Gaza, Maputo and Zambezia, but it has great potential to spread to other provinces. Despite its importance, nothing is known about the BBTV isolates that occur in Mozambique. In this study, the sequences of the S and R genes of forty isolates chosen as representatives of samples collected previously from eleven farms of the four administrative posts of the district of Chóckwè, province of Gaza, were sequenced and analyzed. The S-DNA nucleotide sequences of the analyzed isolates were highly conserved, with identity ranging from 97% to 100%. The same was observed for the R-DNA sequences, with most identities ranging between 98% and 100% among the isolates from Chókwè and above 90% when compared to the isolates from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Mozambican BBTV isolates belong to the Pacific–Indian Oceans (PIO) group, showing greater proximity to the isolate JQ820453 from Malawi than to the isolates from sub-Saharan countries, which were grouped in a distinct subclade. This is the first study conducted to determine the molecular characteristics of BBTV isolates present in Mozambique. Full article

The catalytic isomerization of glucose to fructose plays a pivotal role in the application of biomass as a feedstock for chemicals. Herein, we propose a facile solid-state-grinding strategy to construct ZrO₂/MgO mixed oxides, which offered an excellent fructose yield of over 34.55% and a high selectivity of 80.52% (80 °C, 2 h). The co-mingling of amphiphilic ZrO₂ with MgO improved the unfavorable moderate/strongly basic site distribution on MgO, which can prohibit the side reactions during the reaction and enhance the fructose selectivity. Based on the catalyst characterizations, MgO was deposited on the ZrO₂ surface by plugging the pores, and the addition of ZrO₂ lessened the quantity of strongly basic sites of MgO. Additionally, the presence of ZrO₂ largely enhanced the catalyst stability in comparison with pure MgO by recycling experiments. Full article

Stress is a natural yet potentially harmful aspect of human life, necessitating effective management, particularly during overwhelming experiences. This paper presents a scoping review of personalized stress detection models using wearable technology. Employing the PRISMA-ScR framework for rigorous methodological structuring, we systematically analyzed literature from key databases including Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Our focus was on biosignals, AI methodologies, datasets, wearable devices, and real-world implementation challenges. The review presents an overview of stress and its biological mechanisms, details the methodology for the literature search, and synthesizes the findings. It shows that biosignals, especially EDA and PPG, are frequently utilized for stress detection and demonstrate potential reliability in multimodal settings. Evidence for a trend towards deep learning models was found, although the limited comparison with traditional methods calls for further research. Concerns arise regarding the representativeness of datasets and practical challenges in deploying wearable technologies, which include issues related to data quality and privacy. Future research should aim to develop comprehensive datasets and explore AI techniques that are not only accurate but also computationally efficient and user-centric, thereby closing the gap between theoretical models and practical applications to improve the effectiveness of stress detection systems in real scenarios. Full article

A novel, in situ, low-cost and facile method has been developed to fabricate flexible NO₂ sensors capable of operating at ambient temperature, addressing the urgent need for monitoring this toxic gas. This technique involves the synthesis of highly porous structures, as well as the specific development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) and its heterostructures with SnO₂, all through laser scribing. The morphology, phases, and compositions of the sensors were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of SnO₂ addition on structural and sensor properties were investigated. Gas-sensing measurements were conducted at room temperature with NO₂ concentrations ranging from 50 to 10 ppm. LIG and LIG/SnO₂ sensors exhibited distinct trends in response to NO₂, and the gas-sensing mechanism was elucidated. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing LIG and LIG/SnO₂ heterostructures in gas-sensing applications at ambient temperatures, underscoring their broad potential across diverse fields. Full article

Skin and soft tissue reconstruction has long been based on the reconstructive ladder. However, a skin substitute has become popular due to its predictable outcomes, without donor-site morbidity. The biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM; NovoSorb, PolyNovo Ltd., Port Melbourne, Australia) is a synthetic skin substitute that has recently gained its clinical application. Compared with those of other dermal templates, the clinical efficacy and performance of the BTM are not well established, especially among the Asian population. This study aims to share our experience and strategy of using BTM in various wound conditions. The data of patients who underwent skin and soft tissue reconstruction with BTM at a single institution between January 2022 and December 2023 were reviewed. The patient demographics, wound characteristics, surgical details, secondary procedures, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Postoperative 6-month photographs were collected and independently evaluated by two plastic surgeons and two wound care center nurses using the Manchester Scar Scale (MSS). This study included 37 patients, consisting of 22 males and 15 females with a mean age of 51.8 years (range, 18–86 years old). The wound etiologies included trauma (67.6%), necrotizing soft tissue infection (16.2%), burns (10.8%), toe gangrene (2.7%), and scar excision (2.7%). The average wound area covered by BTM was 50.6 ± 47.6 cm². Among the patients, eight received concomitant flap surgery and BTM implantation, 20 (54.1%) underwent subsequent split-thickness skin grafts (STSG), and 17 had small wounds (mean: 21.6 cm²) healed by secondary intention. Infection was the most common complication, affecting six patients (n = 6 [16.2%]), five of whom were treated conservatively, and only one required debridement. Thirty-three patients (89.2%) had good BTM take, and only four had BTM failure, requiring further reconstruction. At the last follow-up, 35 out of the 37 patients (94.6%) achieved successful wound closure, and the total MSS score was 10.44 ± 2.94, indicating a satisfactory scar condition. The patients who underwent BTM grafting without STSG had better scar scores than those who received STSG (8.71 ± 2.60 vs. 11.18 ± 2.84, p = 0.039). In conclusion, the BTM is effective and feasible in treating various wounds, with relatively low complication rates, and it can thus be considered as an alternative for skin and soft tissue reconstruction. When combined with adipofasical flap reconstruction, it achieves a more comprehensive anatomical restoration. Full article

The application of Neurospora sp., a fungus that commonly thrives on complex agricultural and plant wastes, has proven successful in utilizing citrus peel waste as a source of naringin. A UV-Vis spectrophotometric method proved the biotransformation of naringin, with an absorption maximum (λ_max) observed at 310 nm for the biotransformed product, naringenin (NAR). Further verification of the conversion of naringin was provided through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The Neurospora crassa mediated biotransformation of naringin to NAR was utilized for the rapid (within 5 min) synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoconjugates using sunlight to accelerate the reaction. The synthesized NAR-nano Ag and NAR-nano Au conjugates exhibited monodispersed spherical and spherical as well as polygonal shaped particles, respectively. Both of the nanoconjugates showed average particle sizes of less than 90 nm from TEM analysis. The NAR-Ag and NAR-Au nanoconjugates displayed potential enhancement of the antimicrobial activities, including antibacterial and nematicidal properties over either standalone NAR or Ag or Au NPs. This study reveals the potential of naringinase-producing Neurospora sp. for transforming naringin into NAR. Additionally, the resulting NAR-Ag and NAR-Au nanoconjugates showed promise as sustainable antibiotics and biochemical nematicides. Full article

Sediment erosion around submarine pipelines is a popular topic, widely investigated in both ocean and submarine-pipeline engineering. In this paper, the incompressible smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is modified for simulation of local scouring process around the submarine pipeline under the action of unidirectional flow. The erosion model is based on the Clear Water Particle–Turbid Water Particle–Critical Shear Stress (CWP-TWP-CSS) concept, and a sand–water two-phase model is proposed to deal with the sediment-entrained flow. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data to verify the accuracy and applicability of the numerical model. The scouring process around the pipeline is investigated under different conditions, i.e., pipeline diameters, gap ratios, and flow velocities. The ISPH model is further used to study the flow characteristics of the scour pits around the submarine pipeline and the influence of the vortices on the maximum scour depth, to provide a theoretical basis for the stability design of submarine pipelines. Full article

The dust originating from the extinct lake of the Aral Sea poses a considerable threat to the surrounding communities and ecosystems. The accurate location of these wind erosion areas is an essential prerequisite for controlling sand and dust activity. However, few relevant indicators reported in this current study can accurately describe and measure wind erosion intensity. A novel wind erosion intensity (WEI) of a pixel resolution unit was defined in this paper based on deformation due to the wind erosion in this pixel resolution unit. We also derived the relationship between WEI and soil InSAR temporal decorrelation (ITD). ITD is usually caused by the surface change over time, which is very suitable for describing wind erosion. However, within a pixel resolution unit, the ITD signal usually includes soil and vegetation contributions, and extant studies concerning this issue are considerably limited. Therefore, we proposed an ITD decomposition model (ITDDM) to decompose the ITD signal of a pixel resolution unit. The least-square method (LSM) based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to estimate the ITD of soil (SITD) within a pixel resolution unit. We verified the results qualitatively by the landscape photos, which can reflect the actual conditions of the soil. At last, the WEI of the Aral Sea from 23 June 2020, to 5 July 2020 was mapped. The results confirmed that (1) based on the ITDDM model, the SITD can be accurately estimated by the LSM; (2) the Aral Sea is experiencing severe wind erosion; and (3) the middle, northeast, and southeast bare areas of the South Aral Sea are where salt dust storms may occur. Full article

Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is one of deadliest metastatic patterns of gastric cancer, being associated with a median overall survival (OS) of 4 months. Up to now, palliative systemic chemotherapy (pSC) has been the only recommended treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate a potential survival benefit after CRS + HIPEC compared to pSC. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in March 2024. Manuscripts reporting patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer treated with CRS + HIPEC were included. A meta-analysis was performed, comparing the survival results between the CRS + HIPEC and pSC groups, and the primary outcome was the comparison in terms of OS. We performed random-effects meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs). We assessed heterogeneity using the Q2 statistic. Results: Out of the 24 papers included, 1369 patients underwent CRS + HIPEC, with a median OS range of 9.8–28.2 months; and 103 patients underwent pSC, with a median OS range of 4.9–8 months. CRS + HIPEC was associated with significantly increased survival compared to palliative systemic chemotherapy (−1.8954 (95% CI: −2.5761 to −1.2146; p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRS + HIPEC could provide survival advantages in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis compared to pSC. Full article

E-liquids contain combinations of chemicals, with many enhancing the sensory attractiveness of the product. Studies are needed to understand and characterize e-liquid ingredients, particularly flavorings, to inform future research and regulations of these products. We identified common flavor ingredients in a convenience sample of commercial e-liquids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. E-liquid flavors were categorized by flavor descriptors provided on the product packaging. A Flavor Ingredient Wheel was developed to link e-liquid flavor ingredients with flavor categories. An analysis of 109 samples identified 48 flavor ingredients. Consistency between the labeled flavor and ingredients used to produce such flavor was found. Our novel Flavor Ingredient Wheel organizes e-liquids by flavor and ingredients, enabling efficient analysis of the link between ingredients and their flavor profiles and allowing for quick assessment of an e-liquid ingredient’s flavor profile. Investigating ingredient profiles and identifying and classifying commonly used chemicals in e-liquids may assist with future studies and improve the ability to regulate these products. Full article

Chromium slag is a solid waste of chromium salt production, which contains highly toxic Cr(VI) and significant amounts of valuable metals, such as Fe and Cr. Recycling chromium slag as a raw sintering material in sintering–ironmaking processes can simultaneously reduce toxic Cr(VI) and recover valuable metals. A micro-sintering experiment, compressive strength test, microhardness test, and first-principles calculation are performed to investigate the influence of Cr₂O₃ on the sintering microstructure and mechanical properties of the silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) in order to understand the basis of the sintering process with chromium slag addition. The results show that the microstructure of SFCA changes from blocky to interwoven, with further increasing Cr₂O₃ content from 0 wt% to 3 wt%, and transforms to blocky with Cr₂O₃ content increasing to 5 wt%. Cr₂O₃ reacts with Fe₂O₃ to form (Fe_1−xCr_x)₂O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which participates in forming SFCA. With the increase in Cr doping concentrations, the hardness of SFCA first decreases and then increases, and the toughness increases. When Cr₂O₃ content increases from 0 wt% to 3 wt%, the SFCA microhardness decreases and the compressive strength of the sintered sample increases. Further increasing Cr₂O₃ contents to 5 wt%, the SFCA microhardness increases, and the compressive strength of sintered sample decreases. Full article

In recent years, tubular nanostructures have been related to immense advances in various fields of science and technology. Considerable research efforts have been centred on the theoretical prediction and manufacturing of non-carbon nanotubes (NTs), which meet modern requirements for the development of novel devices and systems. In this context, diatomic inorganic nanotubes formed by atoms of elements from the 13th group of the periodic table (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) and nitrogen (N) have received much research attention. In this study, the elastic properties of single-walled boron nitride, aluminium nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, and thallium nitride nanotubes were assessed numerically using the nanoscale continuum modelling approach (also called molecular structural mechanics). The elastic properties (rigidities, surface Young’s and shear moduli, and Poisson’s ratio) of nitride nanotubes are discussed with respect to the bond length of the corresponding diatomic hexagonal lattice. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical response of nitride compound-based nanotubes, covering a broad range, from the well-studied boron nitride NTs to the hypothetical thallium nitride NTs. Full article

The concept of complex fuzzy sets, where the unit disk of the complex plane acts as the codomain of the membership function, as an extension of fuzzy sets. The objective of this article is to use complex fuzzy sets in BCK/BCI-algebras. We present the concept of a complex fuzzy subalgebra in a BCK/BCI-algebra and explore their properties. Furthermore, we discuss the modal and level operators of these complex fuzzy subalgebras, highlighting their importance in BCK/BCI-algebras. We study various operations, and the laws of a complex fuzzy system, including union, intersection, complement, simple differences, and bounded differences of complex fuzzy ideals within BCK/BCI-algebras. Finally, we generate a computer programming algorithm that implements our complex fuzzy subalgebras/ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras procedure for ease of lengthy calculations. Full article

Introduction: Optimizing treatment with biological agents is an ideal goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Recent data suggest that mucosal inflammation patterns and serum cytokine profiles differ between patients who respond and those who do not. Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, has shown promise, but predicting treatment response remains a challenge. We aimed to identify prognostic markers of response to ustekinumab in patients with active UC, utilizing information from their mucosal transcriptome. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 36 UC patients initiating treatment with ustekinumab. Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained before treatment initiation for a gene expression analysis using a microarray panel of 84 inflammatory genes. A differential gene expression analysis (DGEA), correlation analysis, and network centrality analysis on co-expression networks were performed to identify potential biomarkers. Additionally, machine learning (ML) models were employed to predict treatment response based on gene expression data. Results: Seven genes, including BCL6, CXCL5, and FASLG, were significantly upregulated, while IL23A and IL23R were downregulated in non-responders compared to responders. The co-expression analysis revealed distinct patterns between responders and non-responders, with key genes like BCL6 and CRP highlighted in responders and CCL11 and CCL22 in non-responders. The ML algorithms demonstrated a high predictive power, emphasizing the significance of the IL23R, IL23A, and BCL6 genes. Conclusions: Our study identifies potential biomarkers associated with ustekinumab response in UC patients, shedding light on its underlying mechanisms and variability in treatment outcomes. Integrating transcriptomic approaches, including gene expression analyses and ML, offers valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies and highlights avenues for further research to enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients with UC. Full article

A technical issue with fluid flow heating is the relatively small temperature increase as the fluid passes through the heating surface. The fluid does not spend enough time inside the heating source to significantly raise its temperature, despite the heating source itself experiencing a substantial increase. To address this challenge, the concept of the multiple circular heating of air was developed, forming the basis of this work. Two PTC heaters with longitudinal fins are located within a closed channel inside housing composed of a thermal insulation material. Air flows circularly from one finned surface to another. Analytical modeling and experimental testing were used in the analysis, with established restrictions and boundary conditions. An important outcome of the analysis was the methodology established for the optimization of the geometric and process parameters based on minimizing the transient thermal entropy. In conducting the analytical modeling, the temperature of the PTC heater was assumed to be constant at 150 °C and 200 °C. By removing the restrictions and adjusting the boundary conditions, the established methodology for the analysis and optimization of various thermally transient industrial processes can be applied more widely. The experimental determination of the transient thermal entropy was performed at a much higher air flow rate of 0.005 m³s⁻¹ inside the closed channel. The minimum transient entropy also indicates the optimal time for the opening of the channel, allowing the heated air to exit. The novelty of this work lies in the controlled circular heating of the fluid and the establishment of the minimum transient thermal entropy as an optimization criterion. Full article

Excessive column pile heave may result in engineering disasters such as instability of retaining structures and cracking of existing engineering piles in deep excavations. However, factors such as support weight, changeable support restraint resistance, and soil disturbance at the bottom of the excavation are often ignored or simplified in existing calculation methods but have a significant impact on the calculation results. Based on field soil parameters obtained by the rebound–recompression method, a semi-analytical method is proposed for estimating column pile heaves in a deep excavation. This method considers the influence of soil disturbance, the weight of the retaining structure, and the changeable horizontal support restraint, making the calculation result more consistent with the realistic situation. This method can also be used to analyze load transfer between the pile and the surrounding soil. The rationality of this proposed calculation method is verified by measured data, where the variation in pile stress state during deep excavation is analyzed. Finally, a parametric study is conducted, and the results show that the excavation size and the excavation depth have a great influence. However, the heave is hardly affected by the value of the limit relative displacement. The use of long piles with small diameter and the method of small block excavation are effective means to control the column pile heave. When the excavation area is large or the effective pile length is short, the factor of the position of the column pile cannot be ignored. Full article

Uncovering the function of understudied G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides a wealth of untapped therapeutic potential. The poorly understood adhesion GPCR Gpr126 (Adgrg6) is widely expressed in developing kidneys. In adulthood, Gpr126 expression is enriched in parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and epithelial cells of the collecting duct and urothelium. Whether Gpr126 plays a role in kidney disease remains unclear. Here, we characterized Gpr126 expression in diseased kidneys in mice, rats, and humans. RT-PCR data show that Gpr126 expression is altered in kidney disease. A quantitative RNAscope^® analysis utilizing cell type-specific markers revealed that Gpr126 expression upon tubular damage is mainly increased in cell types expressing Gpr126 under healthy conditions as well as in cells of the distal and proximal tubules. Upon glomerular damage, an increase was mainly detected in PECs. Notably, Gpr126 expression was upregulated in an ischemia/reperfusion model within hours, while upregulation in a glomerular damage model was only detected after weeks. An analysis of kidney microarray data from patients with lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), hypertension, and diabetes as well as single-cell RNA-seq data from kidneys of patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease indicates that GPR126 expression is also altered in human kidney disease. In patients with FSGS, an RNAscope^® analysis showed that GPR126 mRNA is upregulated in PECs belonging to FSGS lesions and proximal tubules. Collectively, we provide detailed insights into Gpr126 expression in kidney disease, indicating that GPR126 is a potential therapeutic target. Full article

Natural resource managers may utilize remotely sensed data to monitor vegetation within their decision-making frameworks for improving habitats. Under binational agreements between the United States and Mexico, seven reaches were targeted for riparian habitat enhancement. Monitoring was carried out using Landsat 8 16-day intervals of the two-band enhanced vegetation index 2 (EVI2) for greenness and actual evapotranspiration (ETa). In-channel water was delivered in 2021 and 2022 at four places in Reach 4. Three reaches (Reaches 4, 5 and 7) showed no discernable difference in EVI2 from reaches that did not receive in-channel water (Reaches 1, 2, 3 and 6). EVI2 in 2021 was higher than 2020 in all reaches except Reach 3, and EVI2 in 2022 was lower than 2021 in all reaches except Reach 7. ET(EVI2) was higher in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022 in all seven reaches; it was highest in Reach 4 (containing restoration sites) in all years. Excluding restoration sites, compared with 2020, unrestored reaches showed that EVI2 minimally increased in 2021 and 2022, while ET(EVI2) minimally decreased despite added water in 2021–2022. Difference maps comparing 2020 (no-flow year) to 2021 and 2022 (in-channel flows) reveal areas in Reaches 5 and 7 where the in-channel flows increased greenness and ET(EVI2). Full article