Exogenous selenium application could effectively improve the selenium absorption of crops affected by different climatic conditions due to changes in the planting environment and planting conditions. We planted maize at planting densities of 67,500 plants ha⁻¹ (D1) and 75,000 plants ha⁻¹ (D2). Five selenium fertilizer gradients of 0 mg m⁻² (Se0), 7.5 mg m⁻² (Se1), 15.0 mg m⁻² (Se2), 22.5 mg m⁻² (Se3), and 30.0 mg m⁻² (Se4) were applied to investigate the response of the plants to selenium fertilizer application in terms of the gradient selenium absorption and substance accumulation. With the increase in the amount of selenium fertilizer applied, more of the selenium fertilizer will be absorbed and transported from the leaves to the grains, and the selenium content of the grains will gradually increase and exceed the selenium content of leaves. Under the D2 density in 2022, the selenium content of the grains under Se1, Se2, Se3, and Se4 treatments increased by 65.67%, 72.71%, and 250.53%, respectively, compared with that of Se0. A total of 260.55% of the plants showed a gradient of grain > leaf > cob > stalk from the Se2 treatment, and the overall selenium content of the plants increased first and then decreased. Under the D1 density, compared with the Se0, the dry matter mass of the Se1, Se2, Se3, and Se4 treatments significantly improved by 5.84%, 1.49%, and 14.26% in 2021, and significantly improved by 4.84%, 3.50%, and 2.85% in 2022. The 1000-grain weight under Se2, Se3, and Se4 treatments improved by 8.57%, 9.06%, and 15.56% compared to that under the Se0 treatment, and the yield per ha under the Se2, Se3, and Se4 treatments was 18.58%, 9.09%, and 21.42% higher than that under Se0 treatment, respectively. In addition, a reasonable combination of selenium application rate and density could improve the chlorophyll content and stem growth of dryland maize. This lays a foundation for the efficient application of selenium fertilizer and provides an important reference. Full article

To achieve the environmentally friendly and rapid green synthesis of efficient and stable AgNPs for drug-resistant bacterial infection, this study optimized the green synthesis process of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Dihydromyricetin (DMY). Then, we assessed the impact of AgNPs on zebrafish embryo development, as well as their therapeutic efficacy on zebrafish infected with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) analyses revealed that AgNPs possessed an average size of 23.6 nm, a polymer dispersity index (PDI) of 0.197 ± 0.0196, and a zeta potential of −18.1 ± 1.18 mV. Compared to other published green synthesis products, the optimized DMY-AgNPs exhibited smaller sizes, narrower size distributions, and enhanced stability. Furthermore, the minimum concentration of DMY-AgNPs required to affect zebrafish hatching and survival was determined to be 25.0 μg/mL, indicating the low toxicity of DMY-AgNPs. Following a 5-day feeding regimen with DMY-AgNP-containing food, significant improvements were observed in the recovery of the gills, intestines, and livers in MRSA-infected zebrafish. These results suggested that optimized DMY-AgNPs hold promise for application in aquacultures and offer potential for further clinical use against drug-resistant bacteria. Full article

Dense multi-cationic Sm-Co-O, Sm-Ni-O, Al-Co-O, Al-Ni-O, and Al-Ni-Co-O oxide aerogels were prepared by epoxide-driven sol–gel synthesis. Catalysts for dry reformation of methane, Sm₂O₃/Co, Sm₂O₃/Ni, Al₂O₃/Co, Al₂O₃/Ni, Al₂O₃/Co, and Ni were prepared by reduction of aerogels with hydrogen and their catalytic activities and C-deposition during dry reformation of methane were tested. Catalytic tests showed high methane conversion (93–98%) and C-deposition (0.01–4.35 mg C/g_cat^.h). The highest content of C-deposits after catalytic tests was determined for Al₂O₃/Co and Al₂O₃/Ni catalysts, which was related to the formation of Al alloys with Co and Ni. A uniform distribution of Co⁰ and Ni⁰ nanoparticles (in the form of a CoNi alloy) was found only for the Al₂O₃/Co and Ni catalysts, which showed the highest activity as well as low C deposition. Full article

Large-span, post-tensioned (PT) beams play a crucial role in maximizing the benefits of post-tensioning techniques. Bonded and unbonded systems are prevalent, with the latter being more widespread in the United States. While bonded systems are advantageous for creating long spans when multiple tendons are grouped in ducts, limited studies in the literature exist on their demolition. With a case study, this paper addresses the unique challenge of demolishing large-span-bonded, post-tensioned beams that occurs due to a building’s functional change. Emphasizing insights for engineers, it explores the use of cutting and dismantling methods, thereby considering the presence of prestressed cables. The demolition process is distinctive due to the presence of numerous prestressed cables along the beams, necessitating a specialized and cautious cutting approach. This is accomplished through the use of a drilling technique that selectively distresses the tendons, ensuring they are not all affected simultaneously. An intriguing observation discussed in this paper pertains to the occurrence of horizontal cracks accompanied by loud sounds following the drilling process, thereby offering insights from the design perspective of PT systems. This paper details an innovative method for safely demolishing large-span, bonded PT beams using ground-penetrating radar and computer models to navigate structural complexities and ensure nearby structures’ safety. Full article

In a dissipative regime, we study the properties of several qubits coupled to a driven resonator in the framework of a Jaynes–Cummings model. The time evolution and the steady state of the system are numerically analyzed within the Lindblad master equation, with up to several million components. Two semi-analytical approaches, at weak and strong (semiclassical) dissipations, are developed to describe the steady state of this system and determine its validity by comparing it with the Lindblad equation results. We show that the synchronization of several qubits with the driving phase can be obtained due to their coupling to the resonator. We establish the existence of two different qubit synchronization regimes: In the first one, the semiclassical approach describes well the dynamics of qubits and, thus, their quantum features and entanglement are suppressed by dissipation and the synchronization is essentially classical. In the second one, the entangled steady state of a pair of qubits remains synchronized in the presence of dissipation and decoherence, corresponding to the regime non-existent in classical synchronization. Full article

Soybean is grown worldwide for its high protein and oil content. Weeds compete fiercely for resources, which affects soybean yields. Because of the progressive enhancement of weed resistance to herbicides and the quickly increasing cost of manual weeding, mechanical weed control is becoming the preferred method of weed control. Mechanical weed control finds it difficult to remove intra-row weeds due to the lack of rapid and precise weed/soybean detection and location technology. Rhodamine B (Rh-B) is a systemic crop compound that can be absorbed by soybeans which fluoresces under a specific excitation light. The purpose of this study is to combine systemic crop compounds and computer vision technology for the identification and localization of soybeans in the field. The fluorescence distribution properties of systemic crop compounds in soybeans and their effects on plant growth were explored. The fluorescence was mainly concentrated in soybean cotyledons treated with Rh-B. After a comparison of soybean seedlings treated with nine groups of rhodamine B solutions at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 1440 ppm, the soybeans treated with 180 ppm Rh-B for 24 h received the recommended dosage, resulting in significant fluorescence that did not affect crop growth. Increasing the Rh-B concentration reduced crop biomass, while prolonged treatment times reduced seed germination. The fluorescence produced lasted for 20 days, ensuring a stable signal in the early stages of growth. Additionally, a precise inter-row soybean plant location system based on a fluorescence imaging system with a 96.7% identification accuracy, determined on 300 datasets, was proposed. This article further confirms the potential of crop signaling technology to assist machines in achieving crop identification and localization in the field. Full article

Epoxy resins have widespread applications across various industries, such as anticorrosive coatings, owing to their exceptional attributes. However, there is a constant demand for enhancements to their mechanical characteristics to cater to the requirements of unique and specialized conditions. In this work, graphene oxide modified by 4,4′-Oxydianiline (MGO) was prepared using a covalent grafting reaction. The MGO in epoxy resin composites exhibited a rougher morphology and thin layers with a superior tensile strength (38 MPa), elastic modulus (358 MPa), flexural strength (85 MPa), flexural modulus (957 MPa), and hardness (62 HD). The results indicated that the mechanical properties of epoxy resin are significantly improved by MGO and the improved mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites are due to the strong interfacial bonding between MGO and epoxy. Full article

The harmonic oscillator is a fundamental physical–mathematical system that allows for the description of a variety of models in many fields of physics. Utilizing fractional derivatives instead of traditional derivatives enables the modeling of a more diverse array of behaviors. Furthermore, if the effect of the fractional derivative is applied to each of the terms of the differential equation, this will involve greater complexity in the description of the analytical solutions of the fractional differential equation. In this work, by using the Laplace method, the solutions to the multiple-term forced fractional harmonic oscillator are presented, described through multivariate Mittag-Leffler functions. Additionally, the cases of damped and undamped free fractional harmonic oscillators are addressed. Finally, through simulations, the effect of the fractional non-integer derivative is demonstrated, and the consistency of the result is verified when recovering the integer case. Full article

A compact circularly polarized non-resonant slotted waveguide antenna array is proposed with the aim of achieving wide-angle scanning, circular polarization, and low side-lobe levels. The designed antenna demonstrates a scanning range of +11° to +13° in the frequency domain and a beam scanning range of −45° to +45° in the phase domain. This design exhibits significant advantages for low-cost two-dimensional electronic scanning circularly polarized arrays. It employs a compact element that reduces the aperture area by 50% compared to traditional circular polarization cavities. Additionally, the staggered array method is employed to achieve an element spacing of 0.57$\lambda$ within the azimuth plane. Isolation gaps were introduced into the array to enhance the circular polarization performance of non-resonant arrays. The Taylor synthesis method was employed to reduce the side-lobe levels. A prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured. The results indicate superior radiation efficiency, favorable VSWR levels, and an axis ratio maintenance below 3 dB across the scanning range. The proposed antenna and methodology effectively broaden the beam scanning angle of circularly polarized slotted waveguide array antennas. Full article

Accurately calculating the losses of ferromagnetic materials is crucial for optimizing the design and ensuring the safe operation of electrical equipment such as motors and power transformers. Commonly used loss calculation models include the Bertotti empirical formula and hysteresis models. In this paper, a new hybrid hysteresis model method is proposed to calculate losses—namely, the combination of the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model (J–A) and the Fourier hysteresis model. The traditional Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model is mainly suitable for fitting the saturation hysteresis loop, but the fitting error is relatively large for internal minor hysteresis loops. In contrast, the Fourier hysteresis model is suitable for fitting the minor hysteresis loops because the corresponding magnetic induction strength or magnetic field is lower and the waveform distortion is small. Moreover, Fourier series expansion can be expressed with fewer terms, which is convenient for parameter fitting. Through examples, the results show that the hybrid hysteresis model can take advantage of the strengths of each model, not only reducing computational complexity, but also ensuring high fitting accuracy and loss calculation accuracy. Full article

This paper aims to track the evolution of urban morphology studies, focusing on a graphical understanding of transformation phenomena in historical and contemporary city fabrics. It points out similarities in urban morphology studies by authors like Aldo Rossi, Carlo Oswald W. Ungers, Hans Kollhoff, Saverio Muratori, Gianfranco Caniggia, and Giancarlo de Carlo. These studies developed within a supportive cultural environment, aligning with analogical procedures and anticipating the contemporary concept of urban acupuncture. Urban acupuncture denotes episodic and locally impactful interventions countering grand, self-celebratory architectural projects. These interventions are promoted both by liberal and capitalist culture as well as by socialist-inspired culture. Lastly, these interventions, promoted by various cultural backgrounds, highlight the multi-scale nature of urban morphology studies and urban acupuncture projects. Each change in form corresponds to a morphological adaptation and a redefinition of urban rules and grammar usable in projects with territorial significance. Today, enhanced by digital tools, these studies confirm insights and syntheses, presenting urban acupuncture interventions in real-time socio-economic flows and dynamics. Full article

Two rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacteria, strain KR3-3^T isolated from fresh soil in Korea and strain VNH31^T obtained from soil samples from motorbike repair workshop floors in Vietnam, were identified. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed their affiliation with the family Sphingobacteriaceae and their relation to the genus Pedobacter, exhibiting 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities lower than 98.00% with all known species within the genus Pedobacter. Growth of VNH31^T and KR3-3^T was impeded by NaCl concentrations exceeding >0.5% and 1.5%, respectively, while they both thrived optimally at temperatures ranging between 25 and 30 °C. Notably, neither strain reduced nitrate to nitrite nor produced indole. Negative results were observed for the acidification of D-glucose and hydrolysis of urea, gelatin, casein, and starch. VNH31^T exhibited growth on β-galactosidase, sodium acetate, L-serine, and L-proline, whereas KR 3-3^T demonstrated growth on D-glucose, D-mannose, D-maltose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, sucrose, sodium acetate, L-serine, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, and L-proline. Core genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two isolates formed distinct clusters within the genus Pedobacter. The DNA G+C contents of KR3-3^T and VNH31^T were determined to be 44.12 mol% and 32.96 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values (67.19–74.19% and 17.6–23.6%, respectively) between the Pedobacter isolates and the closely related type strains fell below the threshold values utilized for species delineation. Following comprehensive genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic analyses, the isolated strains are proposed as two novel species within the genus Pedobacter, named Pedobacter albus sp. nov. (type strain KR3-3^T = KACC 23486^T = NBRC 116682^T) and Pedobacter flavus sp. nov. (type strain VNH31^T = KACC 23297^T = CCTCC AB 2023109^T). Full article

Moisture significantly affects the mechanical behavior of gas shale and further determines the hydraulic fracturing performance, as it is more attractive. Nevertheless, batch experiments have usually involved variable methodologies regarding the preparation of moisture-contained shale specimens in the sequence (and/or frequency) of drying and soaking treatments. Accordingly, this work investigates how the preparation methodology influences the test results of moisture-contained shale samples. This study compares three commonly used shale sample preparation strategies for acquiring different moisture contents, that is, “dry-wet”, “dry-wet-dry”, and “wet-dry-wet” strategies, followed by a Brazilian splitting test for the mechanical parameters. The results show that under the same saturation conditions, the longer the soaking time during sample preparation, the higher the degradation degree of shale tensile strength. Meanwhile, prolonged soaking can lead to a more discrete distribution of strength values, and the failure mode may deviate from the Brazilian splitting theory model. Under the combined influence of moisture content and soaking time, the tensile strength of shale decreases approximately linearly with increasing saturation, while the degradation degree increases nonlinearly with increasing saturation, and the degradation rate changes from slow to fast. According to the observation of the microstructure of hydrated shale, prolonged soaking can lead to an increase in the expansion of clay minerals in shale by hydration, resulting in looser and more fragmented internal structure, and further degradation in shale strength. In order to weaken the interference of hydration when studying the effect of moisture content on the tensile strength of shale, the soaking time should be minimized as much as possible during the preparation process. Full article

The effect of phase jitter on differential sampling using the programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) system is studied in this paper. A phase jitter model is established for the measured signal, and compensation coefficients for phase jitter removal are derived for three different post-processing methods based on the discrete Fourier transform algorithm (DFT). Based on our analysis, the phase jitter compensation coefficients are determined by the phase jitter angle distribution and harmonic order. Furthermore, after analyzing and simulating various common distributions, the phase jitter compensation coefficients have been verified. The simulation shows that when the standard deviation of the phase jitter angle is 20 ns, and the frequency of the measuring waveform is 3.46 kHz, the influence of the phase jitter is 1 × 10⁻⁷. The results of the simulation indicate that, in the differential sampling of AC waveforms using a PJVS system, phase jitter is one of the error terms for an uncertainty budget that cannot be neglected, particularly as the frequency of the measured waveforms increases. Full article

With rapid urbanization, traffic growth has accelerated in some cities in China. Due to strict urban construction land utilization policies, many high-rise apartment buildings have been constructed adjacent to expressways. To better understand the impact of urban traffic noise on the residents of high residential buildings adjacent to expressways and the differences in noise impacts on different floors, on-site noise monitoring and questionnaires for building residents have been conducted. The characteristics of traffic noise were analyzed based on the measured data, and factors, including time periods and building floors, were considered. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 56.06% of the male respondents and 54.55% of the female respondents think that the impact of traffic noise on high-rise buildings is “high” or “very high”; 50.53% of the respondents who were in “good” or “very good” condition thought that the traffic noise has a “significant impact” or “very significant impact” on their sleep and daily life. In addition, 25% of respondents living on floors 4–10 and 62.5% of respondents living on floors 11–20 considered the traffic noise to have a “significant impact” or “very significant impact” on their sleep and daily life. The on-site noise monitoring results show that the noise levels (L_Aeq) outside the windows of the studied buildings remain significantly elevated, with daytime noise on working days ranging from 56 to 70 dB(A), and on weekends ranging from 50 to 65 dB(A). During the four time periods on weekdays from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., 5 p.m. to 7 p.m., and 10 p.m. to 12 a.m., the average L_Aeq levels on floors 11–20 are higher than those on floors 4–10 by 4.04 dB(A), 4.92 dB(A), 4.06 dB(A), and 2.67 dB(A), respectively. Similarly, during these time periods on weekends, the levels on floors 11–20 are higher than those on floors 4–10 by 4.96 dB(A), 6.32 dB(A), 5.28 dB(A), and 5.24 dB(A), respectively. This indicates that floors 4–10 of the building experience relatively lower noise levels, while floors 11–20 are subjected to comparatively higher levels of noise disturbance. Full article

Red rice has been proposed as a super-food. Accordingly, the nutritional properties (AOAC), as well as its chemical composition, including sugars (HPLC-RI), organic acids (UFLC-PDA), tocopherols (HPLD-FD), and phenolic compounds (LC-DAD-ESI/MSn), together with the main bioactive properties (antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and antibacterial activities), were evaluated to access its nutritional benefits and health improvement potential. The most abundant macronutrients found were carbohydrates (87.2 g/100 g dw), proceeded by proteins (9.1 g/100 g dw), fat (2.6 g/100 g dw), and ash (1.1 g/100 g dw). Sucrose and raffinose were the only detected sugars, with sucrose presenting the maximum concentration (0.74 g/100 g dw). MUFAs and PUFAs were the predominant fatty acids (40.7% and 31%, respectively). Among the two detected tocopherol isoforms, γ-tocopherol (0.67 mg/100 g dw) predominated over α-tocopherol. The phenolic compounds profile, majorly composed of flavan-3-ols, should be associated with the detected bioactivities, which may provide biological benefits to human health beyond the primary nutritional effect. Overall, the bioactive potential of red rice was comprehensively accessed. Full article

An integrated model that considers multiphysics is necessary to accurately analyze the time-dependent response of hydraulic structures on soft foundations. This study develops an integrated superstructure–foundation–backfills model and investigates the time-dependent displacement and stress of a lock head project on a soft foundation during the construction period. Finite element analyses are conducted, incorporating a transient thermal creep model for concrete and an elasto-plastic consolidation model for the soil. The modified Cam-clay model is employed to describe the elasto-plastic behavior of the soil. Subsequently, global sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the relative importance of the model parameters on the system’s response, using Garson’s and partial derivative algorithms based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network. The results indicate that the integrated system exhibits pronounced time-dependent displacement and stress, with dangerous values appearing during specific periods. These values are easily neglected, highlighting the importance of integrated time-dependent analysis. Construction activities, particularly the backfilling process, could cause a sudden change in stress and significantly impact the stress redistribution of the superstructure. Additionally, the mechanical properties of concrete have a significant impact on the stress on the superstructure, while the mechanical properties of the soil control the settlement of the integrated system. Full article

Ecological networks in mountainous regions are vital for enhancing ecosystem functionality and ensuring regional ecological stability, alleviating the contradiction between land use and ecological development in rapid urbanization. However, the complexity of mountains and the need to establish a connection between ecosystem services and human well-being present significant challenges in constructing ecological networks. This study proposes an idea that identifies and derives an optimal scenario for ecological networks, integrating insights from ecosystem services and network analysis. The aim of the ecological network is to improve and protect the ecosystem’s stability while better guiding sustainable development in mountainous regions’ urban and rural areas. This study uses qualitative evaluation methods and a graph theory model to obtain the ecological network’s sources and links. The results indicate that (1) 58 important ecological source areas were identified, with a total area of 5746 km², mainly covered by woodland and water bodies. (2) An optimal and feasible scenario comprising 5 horizontal and 14 longitudinal corridors was established. Corridors rely primarily on the river system and mountains. (3) A total of 5 key ecological function areas and some ecological zones in important urban development areas were identified. Control measures for these ecological lands were proposed to enhance the effectiveness of ecosystem service construction. It can be concluded that identifying and deriving an optimal scenario of ecological networks in mountainous regions from the perspectives of ecosystem services and network analysis is feasible. Full article

Curved free shear layers emerge in many engineering problems involving complex flow geometries, such as the flow over a backward-facing step, flows with wall injection in a boundary layer, the flow inside side-dump combustors, or wakes generated by vertical axis wind turbines, among others. Previous studies involving centrifugal instabilities have mainly focused on wall-flows where Taylor instabilities between two rotating concentric cylinders or Görtler vortices in boundary layers are generated. Curved free shear layer flows, however, have not received sufficient attention, especially in the nonlinear regime. The present work investigates the development of centrifugal instabilities in a curved free shear layer flow in the nonlinear compressible regime. The compressible Navier–Stokes equations are reduced to the nonlinear boundary region equations (BREs) in a high Reynolds number asymptotic framework, wherein the streamwise wavelength of the disturbances is assumed to be much larger than the spanwise and wall-normal counterparts. We study the effect of the freestream Mach number $M_{\infty }$, the shear layer thickness $\delta$, the amplitude of the incoming disturbance A, and the relative velocity difference across the shear layer $\Delta V$ on the development of these centrifugal instabilities. Our parametric study shows that, among other things, the kinetic energy of the curved shear layer flow increases with increasing $\Delta V$ and A decreases with increasing $delta$. It was also found that increasing the disturbance amplitude of the incoming disturbance leads to significant growth in the mushroom-like structure’s amplitude and renders the secondary instability structures more prominent, indicating increased mixing for all Mach numbers under consideration. Full article

With the depletion of the ozone layer, the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface increases, which in turn causes significant stress to plants and affects all aspects of plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of response to UV-B radiation in the endemic species of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. (R. chrysanthum) in the Changbai Mountains and to study how exogenous ABA regulates the response of R. chrysanthum to UV-B stress. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence images and OJIP kinetic curves showed that UV-B radiation damaged the PSII photosystem of R. chrysanthum, and exogenous ABA could alleviate this damage to some extent. A total of 2148 metabolites were detected by metabolomics, of which flavonoids accounted for the highest number (487, or 22.67%). KEGG enrichment analysis of flavonoids that showed differential accumulation by UV-B radiation and exogenous ABA revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were significantly altered. GO analysis showed that most of the DEGs produced after UV-B radiation and exogenous ABA were distributed in the cellular process, cellular anatomical entity, and catalytic activity. Network analysis of key DFs and DEGs associated with flavonoid synthesis identified key flavonoids (isorhamnetin-3-O-gallate and dihydromyricetin) and genes (TRINITY_DN2213_c0_g1_i4-A1) that promote the resistance of R. chrysanthum to UV-B stress. In addition, multiple transcription factor families were found to be involved in the regulation of the flavonoid synthesis pathway under UV-B stress. Overall, R. chrysanthum actively responded to UV-B stress by regulating changes in flavonoids, especially flavones and flavonols, while exogenous ABA further enhanced its resistance to UV-B stress. The experimental results not only provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of the response to UV-B stress in the R. chrysanthum, but also provide a valuable theoretical basis for future research and application in improving plant adversity tolerance. Full article

Most studies on Chinese dormitories are carried out in summer, while few focus on a transition season or winter. This study evaluated the air quality of a student dormitory in a university in the Beijing area by using a questionnaire survey and on-site measurements. The CO₂ concentration was used as an indoor air quality evaluation index to characterize the freshness of the air, and different window opening conditions in the dormitory were simulated, with corresponding improvement plans proposed. The results of this study revealed that the air quality and thermal comfort of the student dormitories during a transition season and winter fell short of expectations. According to the survey, students who opened their windows frequently had a better subjective perception of the air quality. However, due to the large temperature difference between day and night, more than 80% of the students felt too cold when opening the windows. For daytime conditions, the area of unilateral ventilation window opening should not be less than 0.39 m², the area of bilateral ventilation window opening should not be less than 0.13 m², and the time taken to close the windows and doors should not exceed the maximum ventilation interval. Empirical equations were fitted for nighttime conditions based on the CO₂ concentration, number of people in the room, and window opening area, resulting in a reasonable window opening area of 0.349 m²~0.457 m². In sum, this study assessed the air quality status within typical university dormitories across varying seasons, gaining a clear understanding of how different ventilation strategies and occupant densities influence air freshness and thermal comfort. Based on these insights, a practical and optimized window area recommendation was formulated to enhance the indoor environmental quality in these dormitories. Full article

Due to major global urbanisation, a careful evaluation of plans (town planning and mobility) and projects (industrial and development) is required in order to measure their impact on health and environmental matrices. In Italy, Legislative Decree No 152/06 introduced two procedures: the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and SIA (Strategic Impact Assessment). Their focus, however, does not consider human health. Recently, the Integrated Environmental and Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) was introduced; this defines the parameters necessary to provide an EIA that includes human health as a factor. This systematic review was conducted, including both the population impacted by new facilities and the method used to define their impact. Our database search produced 724 articles, of which 33 were eligible. Studies included landfill plans, manufacturing industries, mobility policies, energy production, and the environmental health of an area. All studies show how an approach encompassing multiple parameters can analyse the impact of a new facility in a comprehensive manner. This review shows that the use of health-related environmental impact parameters is essential for the integration of a project into a community, and can allow a wider understanding of the possible impacts on human health, both direct and indirect. Full article