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13 pages, 4810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of the Volatilomic Fingerprint of Culinary Aromatic Herbs: A Comparative Study Based on Chemometric Analysis

by Sergio Izcara, Rosa Perestrelo, Sonia Morante-Zarcero, Isabel Sierra and José Sousa Câmara

Separations 2024, 11(6), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11060181 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Culinary aromatic herbs (CAHs), used worldwide for culinary and industrial purposes, are recognized for their wide range of beneficial health effects including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus, antitumorigenic and anticarcinogenic, and anti-hypertensive properties, in addition to glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities [...] Read more.

Culinary aromatic herbs (CAHs), used worldwide for culinary and industrial purposes, are recognized for their wide range of beneficial health effects including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus, antitumorigenic and anticarcinogenic, and anti-hypertensive properties, in addition to glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities as well as properties that affect mental health and cognition via their phytochemical constituents, such as polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids), sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, alkaloids, minerals, and vitamins. Moreover, the volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) found in CAHs offer unique analytical biosignatures linked to their sensory qualities and organoleptic characteristics. This study aimed to establish the volatilomic pattern of CAHs commonly used in Europe and in the Mediterranean region, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and two savory species: savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and lemon savory (Satureja montana L. var. citriodora). The volatilomic pattern of CAHs was established using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination. This is a powerful strategy to unravel the potential health benefits related to the most important VOMs identified in each aromatic herb. This comprehensive understanding will aid in establishing the authenticity of these herbs, while also safeguarding against possible fraudulent activities and adulterations. A total of 112 VOMs from different chemical families were identified. Terpenoids amounted to the major chemical family in the investigated aromatic herbs accounting for 96.0, 95.1, and 79.7% of the total volatile composition for savory, lemon savory, and oregano, respectively. Apart from contributing to flavor profiles, certain identified VOMs also possess bioactive properties, opening interesting avenues for potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. The volatilomic pattern combined with unsupervised principal component analysis facilitated the differentiation of the aromatic herbs under investigation, revealing the most related VOMs in each sample, which can be used as markers for the authentication of these valuable aromatic herbs, such as caryophyllene oxide (103), camphene (6), p-cymene (23), and borneol (74), among others. In addition, some VOMs have a high influence on the aromatic herb’s bioactive potential, helping to prevent certain diseases including cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Development of Sample Preparation Procedures for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds)

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13 pages, 465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Assessment of Existing Sport-Related Concussion Guidelines in Ireland: The Need for a United Approach

by Ayrton Walshe, Ed Daly and Lisa Ryan

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020101 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

In 2014, an Irish parliament white paper called for greater addressing of sport-related concussions (SRCs) in Ireland, requesting the adoption of the Concussion in Sport Group’s (CISGs) guidelines and greater consistency in SRC return to play (RTP) management. Ten years later, it is [...] Read more.

In 2014, an Irish parliament white paper called for greater addressing of sport-related concussions (SRCs) in Ireland, requesting the adoption of the Concussion in Sport Group’s (CISGs) guidelines and greater consistency in SRC return to play (RTP) management. Ten years later, it is unclear how these requests have been addressed. Recently, the United Kingdom’s government centralised guidelines to one SRC document for all grassroots sports. This study aimed to investigate all publicly available SRC guidance in Irish sports and national governing bodies (NGBs) to determine if centralised guidelines are warranted. Sport Ireland and the Irish Federation of Sports were searched for all recognised NGBs and sports in Ireland. Websites were searched for any information pertaining to SRCs and data were extracted and collated in Microsoft Excel. In total, 15 of 83 sports and/or NGBs included SRC guidance, nine of which provided RTP protocols. Various iterations of the CISGs guidance and tools were implemented. Several sports with a documented SRC risk had no guidelines present. The findings indicate disjointed and outdated guidance across Irish sport. Additionally, there are sports with a documented concussion risk that have no SRC guidance available. This study provides support for centralised guidelines to be adopted in Irish grassroots sports. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Medicine and Nutrition)

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16 pages, 2055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Drying and Storage Conditions on the Volatile Organic Compounds Profile of Spirulina Platensis

by Alberto Ughetti, Veronica D’Eusanio, Lorenzo Strani, Andrea Luca Russo and Fabrizio Roncaglia

Separations 2024, 11(6), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11060180 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Spirulina platensis (SP) has gained popularity over the last few years, owing to its remarkable nutritional properties and high potential across various industrial sectors. In this study, we analyzed the volatile profile of eight SP samples from the same strain subjected to different [...] Read more.

Spirulina platensis (SP) has gained popularity over the last few years, owing to its remarkable nutritional properties and high potential across various industrial sectors. In this study, we analyzed the volatile profile of eight SP samples from the same strain subjected to different drying (oven-drying, air-drying, and spray-drying) and storing conditions (“freshly prepared” and after 12 months of storage) using HS-SPME-GC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a multivariate technique to discern similarities and differences among the samples. The main aim was to assess the impact of the drying technique on the aroma profile and storage life of SP samples. Air-drying leads to the less pronounced formation of by-products related to heat treatment, such as Maillard and Strecker degradation compounds, but promotes oxidative and fermentative phenomena, with the formation of organic acids and esters, especially during storage. Thermal treatment, essential for limiting degradation and fermentation during storage and extending shelf life, alters the aroma profile through the formation of volatile compounds, such as Strecker aldehydes and linear aldehydes, from amino acid and lipid degradation. High temperatures in spray-drying favor the formation of pyrazines. The findings underscore the trade-offs inherent in choosing an appropriate drying method, thereby informing decision-making processes in industrial settings aimed at optimizing both product quality and efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Extraction and Analysis of Plant Extracts)

30 pages, 9402 KiB

Open AccessReview

Design Principles and Development Status of Flexible Integrated Thin and Lightweight Zinc-Ion Batteries

by Xuxian Liu, Yongchang Jiang, Yaqun Wang and Lijia Pan

Batteries 2024, 10(6), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10060200 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

The rapid advancement of wearable devices and flexible electronics has spurred an increasing need for high-performance, thin, lightweight, and flexible energy storage devices. In particular, thin and lightweight zinc-ion batteries require battery materials that possess exceptional flexibility and mechanical stability to accommodate complex [...] Read more.

The rapid advancement of wearable devices and flexible electronics has spurred an increasing need for high-performance, thin, lightweight, and flexible energy storage devices. In particular, thin and lightweight zinc-ion batteries require battery materials that possess exceptional flexibility and mechanical stability to accommodate complex deformations often encountered in flexible device applications. Moreover, the development of compact and thin battery structures is essential to minimize the overall size and weight while maintaining excellent electrochemical performance, including high energy density, long cycle life, and stable charge/discharge characteristics, to ensure their versatility across various applications. Researchers have made significant strides in enhancing the battery’s performance by optimizing crucial components such as electrode materials, electrolytes, separators, and battery structure. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the design principles essential for achieving thinness in zinc-ion batteries, along with a summary of the preparation methods and potential applications of these batteries. Moreover, it delves into the challenges associated with achieving thinness in zinc-ion batteries and proposes effective countermeasures to address these hurdles. This review concludes by offering insights into future developments in this field, underscoring the continual advancements and innovations that can be expected. Full article

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12 pages, 1296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Usefulness of Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Rotational Atherectomy: An Analysis Based on a Large National Registry

by Wojciech Siłka, Michał Kuzemczak, Krzysztof Piotr Malinowski, Łukasz Kołtowski, Kinga Glądys, Mariola Kłak, Ewa Kowacka, Damian Grzegorek, Piotr Waciński, Michał Chyrchel, Miłosz Dziarmaga, Sylwia Iwańczyk, Miłosz Jaguszewski, Wojciech Wańha, Wojciech Wojakowski, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Zbigniew Siudak and Rafał Januszek

J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(6), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11060177 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been shown to improve the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in selected subsets of patients. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether the use of OCT or IVUS during a PCI [...] Read more.

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been shown to improve the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in selected subsets of patients. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether the use of OCT or IVUS during a PCI with rotational atherectomy (RA-PCI) will increase the odds for successful revascularization, defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow. Methods: Data were obtained from the national registry of PCIs (ORPKI) maintained by the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions (AISN) of the Polish Cardiac Society. The dataset includes PCIs spanning from January 2014 to December 2021. Results: A total of 6522 RA-PCIs were analyzed, out of which 708 (10.9%) were guided by IVUS and 86 (1.3%) by OCT. The postprocedural TIMI 3 flow was achieved significantly more often in RA-PCIs guided by intravascular imaging (98.7% vs. 96.6%, p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis revealed that using IVUS and OCT was independently associated with an increased chance of achieving postprocedural TIMI 3 flow by 67% (odds ratio (OR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–1.99; p < 0.0001) and 66% (OR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.09–2.54; p = 0.02), respectively. Other factors associated with successful revascularization were as follows: previous PCI (OR, 1.72; p < 0.0001) and coronary artery bypass grafting (OR, 1.09; p = 0.002), hypertension (OR, 1.14; p < 0.0001), fractional flow reserve assessment during angiogram (OR, 1.47; p < 0.0001), bifurcation PCI (OR, 3.06; p < 0.0001), and stent implantation (OR, 19.6, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: PCIs with rotational atherectomy guided by intravascular imaging modalities (IVUS or OCT) are associated with a higher procedural success rate compared to angio-guided procedures. Full article

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14 pages, 2297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selenium-Chelating Peptide Derived from Wheat Gluten: In Vitro Functional Properties

by Yinchen Hou, Xinyang Chen, Mingyi Zhang, Shengru Yang, Aimei Liao, Long Pan, Zhen Wang, Xiaolin Shen, Xiaoqing Yuan and Jihong Huang

Foods 2024, 13(12), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121819 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

The efficacy of selenium-chelating polypeptides derived from wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-Se) includes enhancing antioxidant capacity, increasing bioavailability, promoting nutrient absorption, and improving overall health. This study aimed to enhance the bioavailability and functional benefits of exogenous selenium by chelating with wheat gluten protein [...] Read more.

The efficacy of selenium-chelating polypeptides derived from wheat protein hydrolysate (WPH-Se) includes enhancing antioxidant capacity, increasing bioavailability, promoting nutrient absorption, and improving overall health. This study aimed to enhance the bioavailability and functional benefits of exogenous selenium by chelating with wheat gluten protein peptides, thereby creating bioactive peptides with potentially higher antioxidant capabilities. In this study, WPH-Se was prepared with wheat peptide and selenium at a mass ratio of 2:1, under a reaction system at pH 8.0 and 80 °C. The in vitro antioxidant activity of WPH-Se was evaluated by determining the DPPH, OH, and ABTS radical scavenging rate and reducing capacity under different conditions, and the composition of free amino acids and bioavailability were also investigated at various digestion stages. The results showed that WPH-Se possessed significant antioxidant activities under different conditions, and DPPH, OH, and ABTS radical scavenging rates and reducing capacity remained high at different temperatures and pH values. During gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, both the individual digestate and the final digestate maintained high DPPH, OH, and ABTS radical scavenging rates and reducing capacity, indicating that WPH-Se was able to withstand gastrointestinal digestion and exert antioxidant effects. Post-digestion, there was a marked elevation in tryptophan, cysteine, and essential amino acids, along with the maintenance of high selenium content in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings indicate that WPH-Se, with its enhanced selenium and amino acid profile, serves as a promising ingredient for dietary selenium and antioxidant supplementation, potentially enhancing the nutritional value and functional benefits of wheat gluten peptides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Processing and Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural Products)

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16 pages, 639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Non-farm Employment Improve Dietary Diversity of Left-Behind Family Members in Rural China?

by Yonghu Zhang, Yifeng Zhang and Tingjin Wang

Foods 2024, 13(12), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121818 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Rural residents in China are still at risk of malnutrition, and increasing dietary diversity is crucial to improving their health. This study empirically analyzed the impact of non-farm employment on the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members based on the China Land [...] Read more.

Rural residents in China are still at risk of malnutrition, and increasing dietary diversity is crucial to improving their health. This study empirically analyzed the impact of non-farm employment on the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members based on the China Land Economy Survey (CLES) 2020–2021 panel data at the farm and village levels. Dietary diversity was measured using the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda Score (CFGPS). The empirical results show that non-farm employment significantly enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind household members, including animal food diversity and plant food diversity. This result verifies the altruism phenomenon of non-farm employment in family diet. Mechanism analysis shows that non-farm employment enhances the dietary diversity of rural left-behind family members by increasing the level of family income, Internet accessibility, and family education. Heterogeneity analysis shows that non-farm employment does not enhance the dietary diversity of rural empty nesters and even has a negative impact. This reminds us that the nutritional health of rural empty nesters needs attention in the context of rapid urbanization and aging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Food Systems)

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11 pages, 816 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GFsa (GF “Scientific Age”) Index Application for Assessment of 1020 Highly Cited Researchers in Dentistry: A Pilot Study Comparing GFsa Index and H-Index

by Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes and Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes

Publications 2024, 12(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/publications12020018 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this pilot study was to present a new index system (GFsa©) based on two variables, the total citations and “scientific age”, to evaluate the best-ranked researchers in dentistry. Methods: All researchers included were cited in the AD Scientific Index [...] Read more.

Objective: The goal of this pilot study was to present a new index system (GFsa©) based on two variables, the total citations and “scientific age”, to evaluate the best-ranked researchers in dentistry. Methods: All researchers included were cited in the AD Scientific Index (2024, dentistry field) and had their Google Scholar page accessible for a manual consultation. Two authors retrieved this information. A dataset was prepared (name, H-index, i10 index, and publications). The formula applied was GFsa = (total number of citations)/(“scientific age”)². The Pearson correlation statistically evaluated the data obtained; the confidence interval was 95%. Results: A total of 1020 were included. The mean “scientific age” was 34.18 ± 13.34. The GFsa© index was calculated, presenting a minimum value of 0.2186 and a maximum of 154.8. The data were organized and sorted following the ranking obtained. The Pearson correlation showed that the H-index had a weakly positive association with the researcher’s “scientific age”; thus, the H-index increased according to the increase in “scientific age”. By contrast, a moderately negative correlation between GFsa and “scientific age” was demonstrated. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between both indexes. Conclusions: The variable reported (“Scientific age”) provided a better evaluation among the researchers in dentistry. Full article

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12 pages, 4896 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electronic and Steric Effects on Oxygen Reactivities of NiFeSe Complexes Related to O₂-Damaged [NiFeSe]-Hydrogenases’ Active Site

by Yuchen Qiao, Enting Xu, Yameng Hao, Xuemei Yang and Ming Ni

Inorganics 2024, 12(6), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12060163 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen has the potential to serve as a new energy resource, reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Natural hydrogenases exhibit impressive catalytic abilities for hydrogen production, but they often lack oxygen tolerance. Oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases can work under oxygen by reacting [...] Read more.

Hydrogen has the potential to serve as a new energy resource, reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Natural hydrogenases exhibit impressive catalytic abilities for hydrogen production, but they often lack oxygen tolerance. Oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases can work under oxygen by reacting with oxygen to form inactive states, which can be reactivated to catalytic states by oxygen atom removal. Herein, we synthesized three NiFeSe complexes: (NiSe(CH₃)FeCp, NiSe(CH₃)FeCp* and NiSe(Ph^NMe2)FeCp) with features of active sites of [NiFeSe]-H₂ases, which are the oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases, and we investigated the influence of electronic and steric factors on the oxygen reaction of these “biomimetic” complexes. In our research, we found that they react with oxygen, forming 1-oxygen species, which is related to the O₂-damaged [NiFeSe] active site. Through a comparative analysis of oxygen reactions, we have discovered that electronic factors and steric hindrance on Se play a significant role in determining the oxygen reactivity of NiFe complexes related to hydrogenases’ active sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes Diversity: Synthesis, Conformations, and Bioactivity)

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19 pages, 4555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Law of Crack Propagation in Oil Well Fracturing Process

by Liang Zhao, Qi Li and Xiangrong Luo

Processes 2024, 12(6), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12061190 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

In the field of oilfield fracturing development, a profound understanding of the evolution and propagation of damage during the fracturing process is crucial for preventing well water coning and channeling. This study aimed to unravel the complexity of damage evolution during fracturing and [...] Read more.

In the field of oilfield fracturing development, a profound understanding of the evolution and propagation of damage during the fracturing process is crucial for preventing well water coning and channeling. This study aimed to unravel the complexity of damage evolution during fracturing and elucidate the causes of well water flooding phenomena. To accurately describe the damage propagation laws, a damage constitutive model considering compaction and post-peak correction parameters was established in this research. The model, through parameter adjustment, enhances the precision of stress calculation during the rock compaction phase and accounts for the stress degradation pattern subsequent to damage. This model was applied to simulate the damage evolution under various conditions in oil layer profiles and wellbore cross-sections, including the impact of different perforation angles, natural fracture patterns, and the ratio of longitudinal to transverse boundary pressures. The research concludes that well water channeling and flooding are primarily caused by damage propagation and the connectivity with adjacent water-bearing formations. The proposed rock damage constitutive model demonstrated an accuracy improvement of more than 3% compared to previous studies. Additionally, the study discovered that when the angle between the perforation section and the formation exceeds 30°, the risk of fracture propagation into adjacent layers increases, leading to an elevated risk of post-fracturing water flooding. The presence of natural fractures in the oil layer provides a conduit for damage propagation, accelerating the process of damage in the oil layer. Furthermore, the perforation angle and the ratio of boundary pressure loads during the fracturing process were identified as the main factors influencing the direction change of fracture propagation. The conclusions drawn from this study provide a scientific basis for preventing post-fracturing water channeling and flooding issues and offer new perspectives for the development of well fracturing technology, aiding in the resolution of water flooding problems associated with well fracturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)

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12 pages, 1935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Upcycled Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Reversible Room Temperature NO₂ Gas Sensor

by Vien Trinh, Kai Xu, Hao Yu, Nam Ha, Yihong Hu, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Rui Ou, Yange Luan, Jiaru Zhang, Qijie Ma, Guanghui Ren and Jian Zhen Ou

Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060108 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as one of the most studied graphene derivatives, have demonstrated an intrinsically strong physisorption-based gas–matter behavior, owing to its enhanced volume–surface ratio and abundant surface functional groups. The exploration of efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for GO is an [...] Read more.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as one of the most studied graphene derivatives, have demonstrated an intrinsically strong physisorption-based gas–matter behavior, owing to its enhanced volume–surface ratio and abundant surface functional groups. The exploration of efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for GO is an ongoing task. In this work, we explored a novel approach to upcycle inexpensive polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into high-quality GO using a combination of chemical and thermal treatments based on a montmorillonite template. The obtained material had a nanosheet morphology with a lateral dimension of around ~2 µm and a thickness of ~3 nm. In addition, the GO nanosheets were found to be a p-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.41 eV and was subsequently realized as a gas sensor. As a result, the GO sensor exhibited a fully reversible sensing response towards ultra-low-concentration NO₂ gas with a limit of detection of ~1.43 ppb, without the implementation of an external excitation stimulus including elevating the operating temperature or bias voltages. When given a thorough test, the sensor maintained an impressive long-term stability and repeatability with little performance degradation after 5 days of experiments. The response factor was estimated to be ~11% when exposed to 1026 ppb NO₂, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of other commonly seen gas species including CH₄, H₂, and CO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials and Related Materials for Sensing Applications, Volume II)

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Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Composition of Waterproofing Material Based on Modified Fine-Grained Concrete

by Aleksey Zhukov, Sofia Bazhenova, Irina Stepina and Irina Erofeeva

Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061748 (registering DOI) - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

The purpose of the research described in this article was to optimize the compositions based on hydraulic-modified binder and construction waste for waterproofing and repair of concrete or brick structures in contact with the ground, as well as the study of properties and [...] Read more.

The purpose of the research described in this article was to optimize the compositions based on hydraulic-modified binder and construction waste for waterproofing and repair of concrete or brick structures in contact with the ground, as well as the study of properties and development of the basis of the methodology for selecting the composition of such a waterproofing system. Processing of the results of the experiment was carried out by statistical and analytical methods. The research was based on a method for determining the adhesive strength of a waterproofing coating, based on the determination when the insulating layers are torn off. As a result of the calculation and experimental verification, the composition of the waterproofing material was obtained, which corresponds to an adhesive strength of 3.8 MPa; the strength of the waterproofing layer was 36–37 MPa, as well as the amounts of the main components: acrylic resin 3.9%; finely ground concrete waste 80 kg/m³; plasticizer consumption (0.38…0.39%) at the optimum moisture content of the base surface (9.7…9.8%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Development and Application of New Materials for Civil Engineering)

36 pages, 5054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Graphical Insight: Revolutionizing Seizure Detection with EEG Representation

by Muhammad Awais, Samir Brahim Belhaouari and Khelil Kassoul

Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061283 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Epilepsy is characterized by recurring seizures that result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These seizures manifest as various symptoms including muscle contractions and loss of consciousness. The challenging task of detecting epileptic seizures involves classifying electroencephalography (EEG) signals into ictal (seizure) [...] Read more.

Epilepsy is characterized by recurring seizures that result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These seizures manifest as various symptoms including muscle contractions and loss of consciousness. The challenging task of detecting epileptic seizures involves classifying electroencephalography (EEG) signals into ictal (seizure) and interictal (non-seizure) classes. This classification is crucial because it distinguishes between the states of seizure and seizure-free periods in patients with epilepsy. Our study presents an innovative approach for detecting seizures and neurological diseases using EEG signals by leveraging graph neural networks. This method effectively addresses EEG data processing challenges. We construct a graph representation of EEG signals by extracting features such as frequency-based, statistical-based, and Daubechies wavelet transform features. This graph representation allows for potential differentiation between seizure and non-seizure signals through visual inspection of the extracted features. To enhance seizure detection accuracy, we employ two models: one combining a graph convolutional network (GCN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) and the other combining a GCN with balanced random forest (BRF). Our experimental results reveal that both models significantly improve seizure detection accuracy, surpassing previous methods. Despite simplifying our approach by reducing channels, our research reveals a consistent performance, showing a significant advancement in neurodegenerative disease detection. Our models accurately identify seizures in EEG signals, underscoring the potential of graph neural networks. The streamlined method not only maintains effectiveness with fewer channels but also offers a visually distinguishable approach for discerning seizure classes. This research opens avenues for EEG analysis, emphasizing the impact of graph representations in advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Motor Neuron Diseases)

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18 pages, 336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Cytokines on Coagulation Profile in COVID-19 Patients: Controlled for Socio-Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Parameters

by Milica Milentijević, Nataša Katanić, Bojan Joksimović, Aleksandar Pavlović, Jelena Filimonović, Milena Anđelković, Ksenija Bojović, Zlatan Elek, Siniša Ristić, Miloš Vasiljević, Jasmina Stevanović, Danica Radomirović, Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković, Nenad Lalović, Milan Kulić, Jovan Kulić and Marija Milić

Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061281 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Background: Severe coagulation abnormalities are common in patients with COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation parameters concerning socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Methods: Our study included patients hospitalized during the second wave of COVID-19 in the [...] Read more.

Background: Severe coagulation abnormalities are common in patients with COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation parameters concerning socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Methods: Our study included patients hospitalized during the second wave of COVID-19 in the Republic of Serbia. We collected socio-demographic, clinical, and blood-sample data for all patients. Cytokine levels were measured using flow cytometry. Results: We analyzed data from 113 COVID-19 patients with an average age of 58.15 years, of whom 79 (69.9%) were male. Longer duration of COVID-19 symptoms before hospitalization (B = 69.672; p = 0.002) and use of meropenem (B = 1237.220; p = 0.014) were predictive of higher D-dimer values. Among cytokines, higher IL-5 values significantly predicted higher INR values (B = 0.152; p = 0.040) and longer prothrombin times (B = 0.412; p = 0.043), and higher IL-6 (B = 0.137; p = 0.003) predicted longer prothrombin times. Lower IL-17F concentrations at admission (B = 0.024; p = 0.050) were predictive of higher INR values, and lower IFN-γ values (B = −0.306; p = 0.017) were predictive of higher aPTT values. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a significant correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation-related parameters. Factors such as the patient’s level of education, gender, oxygen-therapy use, symptom duration before hospitalization, meropenem use, and serum concentrations of IL-5, IL-6, IL-17F, and IFN-γ were associated with worse coagulation-related parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Cytokines in Health and Disease: 2nd Edition)

16 pages, 649 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of Life in Follow-Up up to 9 Months after COVID-19 Hospitalization among the Polish Population—A Prospective Single Center Study

by Ewa Pietruszka-Wałęka, Michał Rząd, Renata Rożyńska, Piotr Miklusz, Emilia Zieniuk-Lesiak, Magdalena Żabicka and Karina Jahnz-Różyk

Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061282 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

The consequences of COVID-19 constitute a significant burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Conducting an HRQoL assessment is an important aspect of the evaluation of the impact of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and [...] Read more.

The consequences of COVID-19 constitute a significant burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Conducting an HRQoL assessment is an important aspect of the evaluation of the impact of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and their impact on HRQoL and health status in COVID-19 convalescents. The study group consists of 46 patients who required hospitalization due to respiratory failure and who were subsequently evaluated 3 and 9 months after hospital discharge. At the follow-up visits, the patients were asked to assess their HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The results of chest CT, 6MWT, as well as the severity of the course of COVID-19 were also considered in the analysis. The obtained results have identified fatigue as the most common persistent symptom. The majority of the convalescents reported an impairment of HRQoL in at least one domain (80% and 82% after 3 and 9 months, respectively), of which the most common was that of pain/discomfort. The presence of ongoing symptoms may affect HRQoL in particular domains. The 6MWT outcome correlates with HRQoL 3 months after hospital discharge. Therefore, it may be useful in identifying patients with reduced HRQoL, allowing early interventions aimed at its improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complexity and Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases)

13 pages, 499 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Psychosocial Intervention for Family Caregivers of ALS Patients: A Systematic Review

by Leah Katz and Ayelet Gur

Healthcare 2024, 12(12), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121171 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Proposal: This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine all existing knowledge on psychosocial interventions for family caregivers for ALS patients. Also, the study will present the gaps in knowledge, recommendations for future research, and guidelines for psychosocial interventions that are focused and adapted [...] Read more.

Proposal: This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine all existing knowledge on psychosocial interventions for family caregivers for ALS patients. Also, the study will present the gaps in knowledge, recommendations for future research, and guidelines for psychosocial interventions that are focused and adapted to the needs of family caregivers of ALS patients. Materials and methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and identified studies on psychosocial intervention for family caregivers of ALS patients, using five electronic databases: PsychNET, PubMed, EBSCO, PRIMO, and PROQUEST. Seven articles met the criteria and were included in the review. A thematic analysis was conducted to extract major themes. Results: Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) Personal benefits; (2) Interpersonal benefits; and (3) Charting challenges and pathways to improve psychosocial interventions. Conclusions: Based on the findings, practical guidelines were formulated that focus on the group’s composition, the facilitator’s role, the contents, the relationships within the group, and the opportunities and limitations of online interventions. Full article

13 pages, 455 KiB

Open AccessReview

Do Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis Have an Impact on Cognitive Decline—Latest Research Review

by Marcin Kuryłło and Ewa Mojs

Healthcare 2024, 12(12), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121170 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Background: Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are chronic skin diseases that affect the mental health of patients. The relationship between AD and psoriasis and cognitive processes in patients remains unclear. The aim of the review was to answer the question of whether AD and [...] Read more.

Background: Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are chronic skin diseases that affect the mental health of patients. The relationship between AD and psoriasis and cognitive processes in patients remains unclear. The aim of the review was to answer the question of whether AD and psoriasis have an impact on cognitive decline in patients. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and EBSCO to identify case–control, cross-sectional, or cohort studies that evaluated the association between atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and cognitive impairment. Results: Most of the studies included in the review confirmed cognitive decline in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Conclusions: It seems that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis may negatively affect cognitive processes such as working memory, concentration, attention, and speed of motor reactions. Psychological interventions targeting distorted cognitive processing could improve the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health, Social Problems and Well-Being of Patients with Chronic Diseases, Quality of Life, and the Need for Emotional and Social Support)

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12 pages, 3300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Management of SARS-CoV-2 Prevention Methods in Dental Offices—A Cross-Sectional Study in Bucharest, Romania

by Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu, Oana Irina Lupu, Raluca Ștefania Georgescu, Mihai Săndulescu and Cristian Funieru

Healthcare 2024, 12(12), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121169 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

We compared the managing of prevention methods for SARS-CoV-2 infections in dental offices before and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to find out the varieties of infection prevention methods used by dentists before and during the pandemic [...] Read more.

We compared the managing of prevention methods for SARS-CoV-2 infections in dental offices before and immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to find out the varieties of infection prevention methods used by dentists before and during the pandemic and compare them. We designed a digital transversal questionnaire with 15 closed questions that was sent to 150 dentists in Bucharest, Romania. We received n = 112 valid answers during July-August 2021 from dentists of all age groups (25–60 years), with a sex ratio of 0.36, which agreed to anonymously participate in this study. The results showed an increase in types and amount of personal protection equipment (i.e., ocular/facial protection, supplemental gown, and upgrading the FFP1 masks to FFP2 or FFP3). Ocular protection showed statistical significance by gender but not by age group. Vaccination rate against SARS-CoV-2 was at 80% of the participant dentists at the time of the survey and had statistical significance. However, vaccination status of the patients did not alter dentists’ protection protocol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Oral and Dental Health Care: Issues and Challenges)

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19 pages, 1628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multiscale Statistical Analysis of Rough Surfaces and Applications to Tribology

by Feodor M. Borodich, Andrey Pepelyshev and Xiaoqing Jin

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121804 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Mathematical modelling of surface roughness is of significant interest for a variety of modern applications, including, but not limited to, tribology and optics. The most popular approaches to modelling rough surfaces are reviewed and critically examined. By providing counterexamples, it is shown that [...] Read more.

Mathematical modelling of surface roughness is of significant interest for a variety of modern applications, including, but not limited to, tribology and optics. The most popular approaches to modelling rough surfaces are reviewed and critically examined. By providing counterexamples, it is shown that approaches based solely on the use of the fractal geometry or power spectral density have many drawbacks. It is recommended to avoid these approaches. It is argued that the surfaces that cannot be distinguished from the original rough surfaces can be synthesised by employing the concept of the representative elementary pattern of roughness (REPR), i.e., the smallest interval (or area) of a rough surface that statistically represents the whole surface. The REPR may be extracted from surface measurement data by the use of the “moving window” technique in combination with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale Mathematical Modeling)

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16 pages, 1127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stability and Bifurcation Analysis in a Discrete Predator–Prey System of Leslie Type with Radio-Dependent Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response

by Luyao Lv and Xianyi Li

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1803; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121803 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we use a semi-discretization method to consider the predator–prey model of Leslie type with ratio-dependent simplified Holling type IV functional response. First, we discuss the existence and stability of the positive fixed point in total parameter space. Subsequently, through using [...] Read more.

In this paper, we use a semi-discretization method to consider the predator–prey model of Leslie type with ratio-dependent simplified Holling type IV functional response. First, we discuss the existence and stability of the positive fixed point in total parameter space. Subsequently, through using the central manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, we obtain sufficient conditions for the flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of this system to occur. Finally, the numerical simulations illustrate the existence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and obtain some new dynamical phenomena of the system—the existence of a limit cycle. Corresponding biological meanings are also formulated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Differential and Difference Equations and Their Applications)

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13 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Classical 1-Absorbing Primary Submodules

by Zeynep Yılmaz Uçar, Bayram Ali Ersoy, Ünsal Tekir, Ece Yetkin Çelikel and Serkan Onar

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121801 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Over the years, prime submodules and their generalizations have played a pivotal role in commutative algebra, garnering considerable attention from numerous researchers and scholars in the field. This papers presents a generalization of 1-absorbing primary ideals, namely the classical 1-absorbing primary submodules. Let [...] Read more.

Over the years, prime submodules and their generalizations have played a pivotal role in commutative algebra, garnering considerable attention from numerous researchers and scholars in the field. This papers presents a generalization of 1-absorbing primary ideals, namely the classical 1-absorbing primary submodules. Let ℜ be a commutative ring and M an ℜ-module. A proper submodule K of M is called a classical 1-absorbing primary submodule of M, if

x y z η \in K

for some

η \in M

and nonunits

x, y, z \in ℜ

, then

x y η \in K

or

z^{t} η \in K

for some

t \geq 1

. In addition to providing various characterizations of classical 1-absorbing primary submodules, we examine relationships between classical 1-absorbing primary submodules and 1-absorbing primary submodules. We also explore the properties of classical 1-absorbing primary submodules under homomorphism in factor modules, the localization modules and Cartesian product of modules. Finally, we investigate this class of submodules in amalgamated duplication of modules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Algebra, Geometry and Topology)

12 pages, 271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Ribbon Elements of the Quantum Double of Generalized Taft–Hopf Algebra

by Hua Sun, Yuyan Zhang, Ziliang Jiang, Mingyu Huang and Jiawei Hu

Mathematics 2024, 12(12), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121802 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Let s, t be two positive integers and

k

be an algebraically closed field with char (

k) ∤ s t

. We show that the Drinfeld double

D (⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p})

of [...] Read more.

Let s, t be two positive integers and

k

be an algebraically closed field with char (

k) ∤ s t

. We show that the Drinfeld double

D (⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p})

of generalized Taft–Hopf algebra

⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p}

has ribbon elements if and only if t is odd. Moreover, if s is even and t is odd, then

D (⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p})

has two ribbon elements, and if both s and t are odd, then

D (⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p})

has only one ribbon element. Finally, we compute explicitly all ribbon elements of

D (⋀_{s t, t}^{* c o p})

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Pure and Applied Algebra)

22 pages, 2957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Physiological Response Mechanism of Peanut Leaves under Al Stress

by Jianning Shi, Jianyu Li, Yuhu Pan, Min Zhao, Rui Zhang, Yingbin Xue and Ying Liu

Plants 2024, 13(12), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121606 - 10 Jun 2024

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils can significantly reduce peanut yield. The physiological response of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress still has not been fully explored. This research examined the influences of Al toxicity on peanut leaves by observing the leaf phenotype, [...] Read more.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils can significantly reduce peanut yield. The physiological response of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress still has not been fully explored. This research examined the influences of Al toxicity on peanut leaves by observing the leaf phenotype, scanning the leaf area and perimeter, and by measuring photosynthetic pigment content, physiological response indices, leaf hormone levels, and mineral element accumulation. Fluorescence quantitative RT–PCR (qPCR) was utilized to determine the relative transcript level of specific genes. The results indicated that Al toxicity hindered peanut leaf development, reducing their biomass, surface area, and perimeter, although the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content was minimal. Al toxicity notably affected the activity of antioxidative enzymes, proline content, and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in the leaves. Additionally, Al poisoning resulted in the increased accumulation of iron (Fe), potassium (K), and Al in peanut leaves but reduced the levels of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg). There were significant changes in the content of hormones and the expression level of genes connected with hormones in peanut leaves. High Al concentrations may activate cellular defense mechanisms, enhancing antioxidative activity to mitigate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affecting hormone-related gene expression, which may impede leaf biomass and development. This research aimed to elucidate the physiological response mechanisms of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress, providing insights for breeding new varieties resistant to Al poisoning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops)

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