Recently, the vascular protective effect of anti-diabetic agents has been receiving much attention. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors had demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events. However, the therapeutic effect of dapagliflozin on angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease was unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of dapagliflozin on angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. We first evaluated the effect of dapagliflozin on post-ischemic angiogenesis in the hindlimbs of rats. Laser doppler imaging was used to detect the hindlimb blood perfusion. In addition, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the density of new capillaries after ischemia. The relevant signaling pathways of dapagliflozin affecting post-ischemic angiogenesis were screened through phosphoproteomic detection, and then the mechanism of dapagliflozin affecting post-ischemic angiogenesis was verified at the level of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After subjection to excision of the left femoral artery, all rats were randomly distributed into two groups: the dapagliflozin group (left femoral artery resection, receiving intragastric feeding with dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/d), for 21 consecutive days) and the model group, that is, the positive control group (left femoral artery resection, receiving intragastric feeding with citric acid–sodium citrate buffer solution (1 mg/kg/d), for 21 consecutive days). In addition, the control group, that is the negative control group (without left femoral artery resection, receiving intragastric feeding with citric acid–sodium citrate buffer solution (1 mg/kg/d), for 21 consecutive days) was added. At day 21 post-surgery, the dapagliflozin-treatment group had the greatest blood perfusion, accompanied by elevated capillary density. The results showed that dapagliflozin could promote angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia. Then, the ischemic hindlimb adductor-muscle tissue samples from three rats of model group and dapagliflozin group were taken for phosphoproteomic testing. The results showed that the PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway was closely related to the effect of dapagliflozin on post-ischemic angiogenesis. Our study intended to verify this mechanism from the perspective of endothelial cells. In vitro, dapagliflozin enhanced the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of HUVECs under ischemic and hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the dapagliflozin administration upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS), as well as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), both in vivo and in vitro. These benefits could be blocked by either phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or eNOS inhibitor. dapagliflozin could promote angiogenesis after ischemia. This effect might be achieved by promoting the activation of the PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway. This study provided a new perspective, new ideas, and a theoretical basis for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Full article

The licensing of new reactors implies the use of verified and validated neutronic codes. Numerical validation can rely on sensitivity and uncertainty studies, but they require repeated execution of time-consuming neutron flux and depletion calculations. The computational costs can be reduced by using perturbation theories. However, the uncoupled Depletion Perturbation Theory is restricted to single integral values such as nuclide density. Relying on reduced-basis approaches, which reconstruct all nuclide densities at once, is one way to get around this restriction. Furthermore, the adjoint-based reduced-order model uses the direct and adjoint equations for projection. For diffusion or transport calculations, the Exact-to-Precision Generalized Perturbation Theory was developed. Still, no models for depletion calculations are readily available. Therefore, this paper describes a novel adjoint-based reduced-order model for the Bateman Equation. It uses a range-finding algorithm to create the basis and the uncoupled Depletion Perturbation Theory for the reconstruction of the first order replaced by with a first order formulation. Our paper shows that for several perturbed cases, the depletion reduced-order model successfully reconstructs the nuclide densities. As a result, this serves as a proof of concept for our adjoint-based reduced-order model, which can perform sensitivity and uncertainty burn-up analysis in a shorter time. Full article

This study aimed to evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of shear wave elastography (SWE) for measuring cervical multifidus (CM) muscle stiffness in asymptomatic controls and patients with chronic neck pain. A longitudinal observational study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a procedure. SWE images, following a detailed procedure previously tested, were acquired by two examiners (one novice and one experienced) to calculate the shear wave speed (SWS) and Young’s modulus. The painful side was examined for the experimental cases while the side examined in the control group was selected randomly. Data analyses calculated the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), absolute errors between examiners, standard errors of measurement, and minimal detectable changes. A total of 125 participants were analyzed (n = 54 controls and n = 71 cases). The Young’s modulus and SWS measurements obtained by both examiners were comparable within the asymptomatic group (both, p > 0.05) and the chronic neck pain group (both, p > 0.05). Nonetheless, a notable distinction was observed in the absolute error between examiners for shear wave speed measurements among patients with neck pain, where a significant difference was registered (p = 0.045), pointing to a sensitivity in measurement consistency affected by the presence of chronic neck pain. ICCs demonstrated moderate-to-good reliability across both groups, with ICC values for asymptomatic individuals reported as >0.8. Among the chronic neck pain patients, ICC values were slightly lower (>0.780). The study revealed moderate-to-good consistency, highlighting the practicality and generalizability of SWE. Full article

This work is dedicated to the design of flexible composite elements, specifically leaf springs. The design of these flexible composite elements took in consideration the technologies, materials and intermediate goods that are available and useable in laboratory manufacturing and the possibility for the transfer of gained knowledge to industrial practice. This work deals with individual types of materials and their processability and usability for the manufacturing of composite products exposed to cyclic stress. The impact of the designed lay-up diagrams and cyclic load boundary on the fatigue behaviour of manufactured specimens was used to evaluate the effect of cyclic stressing. Based on this assessment, a conclusion and recommendation were formulated for the serial manufacturing of flexible composite elements. Full article

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a challenging clinical obstacle in oncological settings, marked by elevated incidence rates and resulting morbidity and mortality. In the context of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a crucial role in promoting a pro-thrombotic environment as endothelial cells lose their ability to regulate blood flow and coagulation. Moreover, emerging research suggests that this disorder may not only contribute to CAT but also impact tumorigenesis itself. Indeed, a dysfunctional endothelium may promote resistance to therapy and favour tumour progression and dissemination. While extensive research has elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of ED pathogenesis, the genetic component remains a focal point of investigation. This comprehensive narrative review thus delves into the genetic landscape of ED and its potential ramifications on cancer progression. A thorough examination of genetic variants, specifically polymorphisms, within key genes involved in ED pathogenesis, namely eNOS, EDN1, ACE, AGT, F2, SELP, SELE, VWF, ICAM1, and VCAM1, was conducted. Overall, these polymorphisms seem to play a context-dependent role, exerting both oncogenic and tumour suppressor effects depending on the tumour and other environmental factors. In-depth studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms connecting these DNA variations to the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. Full article

The heritage science sector is facing a critical need for accessible and comprehensive data resources to facilitate research, preservation efforts, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The concept of FAIR data management involves embracing principles and practices that ensure that data are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. This work presents an overview of the latest updates on the INFRA-ART Spectral Library, an open access spectral database of cultural-heritage-related materials that was designed as a digital support tool for heritage research specialists that work with (portable) non- or minimally invasive spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy, among others. The database is an ongoing compilation of high-quality curated data that currently incorporates primary ATR-FTIR and XRF spectra and a preliminary dataset of Raman and short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectra on over 900 different materials typically found in painted works of art. For increased and sustainable accessibility, the database follows the European Commission’s recommendations on access to scientific information, as well as the FAIR guiding principles on research data that result from publicly funded research. The INFRA-ART Spectral Library is registered as a resource within the Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Portal and is among the services offered by the Romanian hub within E-RIHS (European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science) DIGILAB. Full article

Aiming at the phenomenon that a high-power torque converter is susceptible to cavitation, which leads to performance degradation, first, a transient flow field model of the torque converter is established, and CFD simulation and experimental research on the torque converter are carried out to find out the speed ratio region where cavitation occurs in the torque converter as well as the rule of occurrence of cavitation, and then the cavitation identification method based on the difference between the inlet and outlet flow of the torque converter is proposed. Then, the transient flow process inside the torque converter is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the angle between the inlet angle of the stator and the outlet angle of the turbine of the torque converter, i.e., the fluid inflow injection deviation angle is an important factor affecting the cavitation phenomenon. By adjusting the key parameters of the stator blade bone line, the fluid inflow deviation angle of the torque converter stator is optimized, so that the speed ratio range of cavitation under large load conditions is greatly reduced from the original 0–0.5 (50%) to 0–0.15 (15%). Meanwhile, in terms of test performance, the nominal torque of the torque converter is greatly improved under the premise of ensuring that the performance is basically unchanged, in which the nominal torque of the test zero speed is increased by 28.7%, and the cavitation of the torque converter has been greatly improved. Full article

A point cloud is a simple and concise 3D representation, but point cloud generation is a long-term challenging task in 3D vision. However, most existing methods only focus on their effectiveness of generation and auto-encoding separately. Furthermore, both generative adversarial networks (GANs) and auto-encoders (AEs) are the most popular generative models. But there is a lack of related research that investigates the implicit connections between them in the field of point cloud generation. Thus, we propose a new bidirectional network (BI-Net) trained with collaborative learning, introducing more priors through the alternate parameter optimizations of a GAN and AE combination, which is different from the way of combining them at the network structure and loss function level. Specifically, BI-Net acts as a GAN and AE in different data processing directions, where their network structures can be reused. If optimizing only the GAN without the AE, there is no direct constraint of ground truth on the generator’s parameter optimization. This unique approach enables better network optimization and leads to superior generation results. Moreover, we propose a nearest neighbor mutual exclusion (NNME) loss to further homogenize the spatial distribution of generated points during the reverse direction. Extensive experiments were conducted, and the results show that the BI-Net produces competitive and high-quality results on reasonable structure and uniform distributions compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. We believe that our network structure (BI-Net) with collaborative learning could provide a new promising method for future point cloud generation tasks. Full article

Impinging stream dryers (ISDs) are effective for removing moisture from particulate materials because of the complex multiphase transport of air particles in ISDs. Nowadays, computational techniques are powerful to simulate multiphase flows, including dilute and dense-phase gas–solid flows and hence, the use of a reliable computational model to simulate the phenomena and design a dryer has recently received more attention. In this study, computational fluid dynamics, combined with the discrete element method (CFD-DEM) and falling drying rate model, were used to predict the multiphase transport phenomena of parboiled paddy in a coaxial ISD. The design of an impinging stream pattern for improving residence time in a drying chamber of ISD was also investigated. The results showed that the CFD-DEM, in combination with the falling drying model, could be well-utilized to predict the particle motion behavior and lead to more physically realistic results. The predicted change of moisture content in parboiled paddy was in good agreement with the experimental data for 17 cycles of drying. Although the prediction of mean residence time was lower than the experimental data, the predicted mean residence time was a similar trend to the experimental data. For ISD design, the simulation revealed that the use of two stages of impinging stream region (two streams collide at the top of the drying chamber at the first stage and then the gas particles flow on the incline floor to collide with the other stream at second stage) in a drying chamber could increase the residence time approximately 75% and reduce drying cycle from 17 to 10 cycles when it was considered at the same final moisture content. Full article

Dermacentor (D.) reticulatus ticks carry and transmit a wide range of pathogens to vertebrate hosts. Limited information is available about the existence of emerging tick-borne pathogens and the distribution of D. reticulatus in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study aimed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of D. reticulatus and to detect the presence of Anaplasma spp., Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi s.l., Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp. in samples originating from questing ticks and ticks collected from domestic animals in various regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 402 collected D. reticulatus ticks were widely distributed throughout the country. Of the 41 pools consisting of 205 individual D. reticulatus ticks, 21 (51.2%) indicated the presence of Rickettsia spp., 17 (41.4%) of Babesia spp., 2 (4.8%) of Anaplasma spp., and 1 (2.4%) of B. burgdorferi s.l. after real-time PCR screening. Our study indicates that D. reticulatus has significantly expanded its distribution and host range in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Moreover, our results represent the first detection of Babesia spp. in D. reticulatus in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Given the demonstrated presence of emerging pathogens in questing and feeding ticks, there is an urge to establish a surveillance system for ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Full article

Mountainous and rural territories are considered among the most vulnerable to the effects of the Climate Crisis. Their geographical and topographical conditions, together with the complexity of the system of relations between human and natural elements, amplify the impacts and risks associated with extreme climatic events. Therefore, the consequences on the socio-economic fabric are systemic and require an immediate response from all the actors in a region. Public administration and politics can play a pivotal role within the planning framework in contrasting the impacts of the climate crisis. This paper demonstrates the multi-level and multi-stakeholder approach applied during the development process of a regional adaptation strategy. The Autonomous Province of Trento has initiated an innovative approach to understanding and managing the effects of the climate crisis on its landscape and resources and has aligned the process of definition of its long-term strategy with the guidance provided by the EU Commission and the Italian Government. The methodology used is based on the tools provided by the Climate-ADAPT platform (in particular, the Regional Adaptation Support Tool—RAST), and the “impact chains” method is specifically implemented for climate risk assessment. The RAST is applied according to a multi-stakeholder and multi-level approach to capitalise on previously established and ongoing initiatives and working groups. The research suggests that the Climate Strategy model presented in this paper needs to be at the core of the broader framework adopted by the Autonomous Province of Trento and that it can represent an important example for other regions aiming to actively involve local stakeholders in acting for climate neutrality and resilience. Full article

Pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) can perceive the presence of potential supports in the environment and flexibly adapt their behavior to clasp them. How pea plants control and perfect this behavior during growth remains unexplored. Here, we attempt to fill this gap by studying the movement of the apex and the tendrils at different leaves using three-dimensional (3D) kinematical analysis. We hypothesized that plants accumulate information and resources through the circumnutation movements of each leaf. Information generates the kinematical coordinates for the final launch towards the potential support. Results suggest that developing a functional approach to grasp movement may involve an interactive trial and error process based on continuous cross-talk across leaves. This internal communication provides evidence that plants adopt plastic responses in a way that optimally corresponds to support search scenarios. Full article

Bodybuilding, as a high-performance sport, requires regular strength and resistance exercises with the principal objective of increasing muscle hypertrophy. However, many bodybuilders resort to the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) to improve their performance in a short period of time. This study employs a survey-type, cross-sectional, descriptive–analytical method to evaluate the profile of bodybuilding athletes in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and verify the level of knowledge/awareness about the health risks and impacts resulting from the use of such substances. Finite- and convenience-type populations are assessed, including individuals of both sexes, aged older than 18 years, self-declared bodybuilding athletes residing in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, and participating in regional and/or state competitions. As a result, no significant relationships were determined between sex (p = 0.492), age (p = 0.460), family income (p = 0.141), and medical follow-up sessions. For the variables level of education and medical follow-up vs. no follow-up sessions, a significant result was achieved (p = 0.01), with 74.3% of individuals reporting having follow-up treatment and 25.7% responding that they had no follow-up treatment, a percentage representing the group that completed their higher education. The substances most used by the athletes were Sustanon 250 or Durateston, Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca or Deca-Durabolin), and Testosterone. The most-reported acute side effects were acne at 33.8% (n = 20), irritability at 32.1% (n = 19), alopecia (hair loss), and nervousness at 23.7% (n = 14). The most-reported chronic side effects were arterial hypertension at 36.0% (n = 9), liver disease at 28.0% (n = 7), and cancer (non-specific) at 8.0% (n = 2). We concluded that, regardless of the athletes’ socioeconomic profiles, the use of AASs was high, with two or more substances being used in combination and for a prolonged period. Thus, it is necessary to promote awareness campaigns regarding the use of AASs and their effects on high-performance and recreational athletes. Full article

Partial shading significantly affects the performance of photovoltaic (PV) power systems, rendering traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods ineffective. This study proposes a novel hybrid MPPT algorithm integrating voltage scanning and modified Perturb and Observe (P&O) techniques to overcome the limitations posed by partial shading. This algorithm has a simple structure and does not require panel information such as the number of panels or voltage due to its voltage scanning feature. To test the proposed algorithm, a grid-connected PV power system with a power of 252.6 kW was created in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. In this power system, six different PS conditions, containing quite challenging situations, were listed in three different scenarios and simulated. The proposed algorithm was compared with the voltage scanning and P&O and voltage scanning and variable-step P&O methods. It was observed that the proposed algorithm has lower power fluctuations compared to the other two traditional methods. Additionally, this algorithm managed to achieve higher efficiency than the other methods in some cases. Full article

Quinazolines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that have proven their significance, especially in the field of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry because of their wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. Thus, numerous synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of quinazolines and their derivatives. This review article briefly outlines the new synthetic methods for compounds containing the quinazoline scaffold employing transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Full article

Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the CTNS gene that encodes for the cystine transporter cystinosin, which is expressed on the lysosomal membrane mediating the efflux of cystine. Cysteamine bitartrate is a cystine-depleting aminothiol agent approved for the treatment of cystinosis in children and adults. In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of cysteamine levels in plasma samples. This LC-MS/MS method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA)’s guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. An ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) coupled with a 6470 mass spectrometry system was used for cysteamine determination. Our validated method was applied to plasma samples from n = 8 cystinosis patients (median, interquartile range (IQR) = 20.5, 8.5–26.0 years). The samples were collected before cysteamine oral administration (pre-dose) and 1 h after (post-dose). Our bioanalytical method fulfilled the regulatory guidelines for method validation. The cysteamine plasma levels in pre-dose samples were 2.57 and 1.50–3.31 μM (median and IQR, respectively), whereas the post-dose samples reported a cysteamine median concentration of 28.00 μM (IQR: 17.60–36.61). Our method allows the rapid determination of cysteamine plasma levels. This method was successfully used in cystinosis patients and, therefore, could be a useful tool for the evaluation of therapy adherence and for future pharmacokinetic (PK) studies involving a higher number of subjects. Full article

Graph polynomials is one of the important research directions in mathematical chemistry. The coefficients of some graph polynomials, such as matching polynomial and permanental polynomial, are related to structural properties of graphs. The Hosoya index of a graph is the sum of the absolute value of all coefficients for the matching polynomial. And the permanental sum of a graph is the sum of the absolute value of all coefficients of the permanental polynomial. In this paper, we characterize the second to sixth minimal Hosoya indices of all bicyclic graphs. Furthermore, using the results, the second to sixth minimal permanental sums of all bicyclic graphs are also characterized. Full article

Background and Objectives: The concurrent occurrence of tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection poses significant clinical complexities, warranting a nuanced approach to diagnosis, management, and patient care. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on two groups: one comprising 32 patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) and COVID-19 co-infection, and one including 100 patients with COVID-19 alone. Data was collected from medical records, including patient history, clinical parameters, laboratory, imaging results, and patient outcome. Results: A lower BMI emerges as a significant marker suggesting underlying PTB in patients with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of death in PTB-SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Co-infected patients show lymphocytopenia and higher neutrophil levels, CRP, transaminases, and D-dimer levels. Elevated CRP and ALT levels are linked to increased co-infection likelihood. Certain parameters like SpO2, CRP, ALT, AST, and D-dimer effectively differentiate between co-infected and COVID-19 patients. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is notably higher in co-infected individuals. Lesion severity on imaging is significantly associated with co-infection, highlighting imaging’s diagnostic importance. Longer hospital stays are linked to co-infection but not significantly to death risk. Conclusions: Certain clinical and biological factors may serve as potential indicators of PTB co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Full article

Housing has been, and continues to be, a central concern of economic, geographical and political research, as well as of social debates. It is worth noting that the European Union (EU) does not possess exclusive or shared competence in the field of housing. Rather, its influence is the result of policies in other areas. Building on the call in the literature to examine both Europeanisation and housing studies, we present and discuss the areas of the EU’s influence—economic, environmental, legal, political, social, and urban. The literature shows that these influences have resulted from different shifts in the European agenda, with different approaches (top-down, bottom-up) and mechanisms (legislative, economic and fiscal, cognitive), creating conflicting housing narratives. In conclusion, future research should focus on understanding the influences of member states as well as the intersection between housing and other policy areas. Additionally, the distribution and transfer of power in decision-making within the EU should be examined, as well as the strategic interactions between (housing) political actors from different member states and EU institutions, and the consequences of such interactions. Full article

Background: Atherosclerosis is a multi-factorial disease, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a critical risk factor in developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Cholesteryl-ester transfer-protein (CETP), synthesized by the liver, regulates LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) through the bidirectional transfer of lipids. The novelty of CETP inhibitors (CETPis) has granted new focus towards increasing HDL-C, besides lowering LDL-C strategies. To date, five CETPis that are projected to improve lipid profiles, torcetrapib, dalcetrapib, evacetrapib, anacetrapib, and obicetrapib, have reached late-stage clinical development for ASCVD risk reduction. Early trials failed to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular occurrences. Given the advent of some recent large-scale clinical trials (ACCELERATE, HPS3/TIMI55-REVEAL Collaborative Group), conducting a meta-analysis is essential to investigate CETPis’ efficacy. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that commenced between 2003 and 2023; CETPi versus placebo studies with a ≥6-month follow-up and defined outcomes were eligible. Primary outcomes: major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes: stroke, revascularization, hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI). Results: Nine RCTs revealed that the use of a CETPi significantly reduced CVD-related mortality (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81–0.98; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%); the same studies also reduced the risk of MI (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%), which was primarily attributed to anacetrapib. The use of a CETPi did not reduce the likelihood any other outcomes. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows, for the first time, that CETPis are associated with reduced CVD-related mortality and MI. Full article

We examine the optimal mass transport problem in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ between densities with transitioning compact support by considering the geometry of a continuous interpolating support boundary $\mathsf{\Gamma }$ in space-time within which the mass density evolves according to the fluid dynamical framework of Benamou and Brenier. We treat the geometry of this space-time embedding in terms of points, vectors, and sets in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}=\mathbb{R}\times {\mathbb{R}}^n$ and blend the mass density and velocity as well into a space-time solenoidal vector field $\mathbf{W}|\mathsf{\Omega }\to {\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ over a compact set $\mathsf{\Omega }\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$. We then formulate a joint optimization for $\mathbf{W}$ and its support using the shaped gradient of the space-time surface $\mathsf{\Gamma }$ outlining the support boundary $\partial \mathsf{\Omega }$. This easily accommodates spatiotemporal constraints, including obstacles or mandatory regions to visit. Full article

In this paper, by using the Riccati transformation and integral inequality technique, we establish several oscillation criteria for second-order Emden–Fowler neutral delay differential equations under the canonical case and non-canonical case, respectively. Compared with some recent results reported in the literature, we extend the range of the neutral coefficient. Therefore, our results generalize to some of the results presented in the literature. Furthermore, several examples are provided to illustrate our conclusions. Full article