The Marine Stewardship Council estimates that approximately 38 million people worldwide work in fisheries, and more than one-third of the global population is dependent on aquatic products for protein, highlighting the importance of sustainable fisheries. The FISH Safety Foundation reports that 300 fishers die every day. To achieve sustainable fisheries as a primary industry, the safety of human resources is of the utmost importance. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) have made efforts towards this goal, including the issuance of agreements and guidelines to reduce industrial accidents among fishing vessel workers. The criterion for applying these guidelines is usually a total ship length ≥12 m or ≥24 m. However, a vast majority of registered fishing vessels are <12 m long, and the fishers of these vessels suffer substantially more industrial accidents. Thus, we conducted a quantitative analysis of 1093 industrial accidents affecting fishers on fishing vessels <12 m in length, analyzed risk using a Bayesian network analysis (a method proposed by the Formal Safety Assessment of the IMO), and administered a questionnaire survey to a panel of experts in order to ascertain the risk for different types of industrial accidents and propose specific measures to reduce this risk. Full article

Chronic pain is a common symptom in various types of neuromuscular disorders. However, for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the literature regarding chronic pain is scarce. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of chronic pain in children, adolescents, and adults with SMA and investigated the influence of clinical characteristics on chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This study used data from 141 patients, which were collected by the Swiss Registry for Neuromuscular Disorders. Extracted data included information on pain (present yes/no, pain location, and pain medication) and clinical characteristics, such as SMA type, motor function, wheelchair use, scoliosis, and contractures. Results: The analyses revealed that the highest prevalence of chronic pain was observed in adolescents with 62%, followed by adults with 48%, children (6–12 years) with 39%, and children < 6 years with 10%. The legs, back, and hips were most frequently reported as pain locations. Sex (females), age (adolescents), and the presence of contractures and scoliosis (with surgery) were factors that were associated with chronic pain. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of pain in SMA, shedding light on its prevalence and characteristics in different age groups, which underscores the importance of assessing and managing pain in patients with SMA. Full article

Aluminum alloy offers the advantages of being lightweight, high in strength, corrosion-resistant, and easy to process. It has a promising application prospect in large-span space structures, with its primary application form being single-layer reticulated shells. In this study, shaking table tests were conducted on a 1/25 scale aluminum alloy single-layer spherical reticulated shell structure. A finite element (FE) model of the reticulated shell structure was established in Ansys. Compared with the experimental results, the deviation in natural frequency, acceleration amplitude, and displacement amplitude was less than 20%, confirming the validity of the model. An extensive analysis of the various rise–span ratios and connection constraints of a single-layer spherical reticulated shell structure was carried out using the proposed FE model. The experimental and simulation results showed that as the rise–span ratio of the aluminum alloy reticulated shell increases, the natural frequency of the reticulated shell structure also increases while the dynamic performance decreases. The connection of the circumferential members changes from a rigid connection to a hinged connection. The natural frequency of the reticulated shell structure is reduced by about 40% while the acceleration and displacement response values are decreased by approximately 15%. Full article

Offshore wind-turbine (OWT) support structures are subjected to cyclic dynamic loads with variations in loadings from wind and waves as well as the rotation of blades throughout their lifetime. The magnitude and extent of the cyclic loading can create a fatigue limit state controlling the design of support structures. In this paper, the remaining fatigue life of the support structure for a GE Haliade 6 MW fixed-bottom jacket offshore wind turbine within the Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is assessed. The fatigue damage to the tower and the jacket support structure using stress time histories at instrumented and non-instrumented locations are processed. Two validated finite-element models are utilized for assessing the stress cycles. The modal expansion method and a simplified approach using static calculations of the responses are employed to estimate the stress at the non-instrumented locations—known as virtual sensors. It is found that the hotspots at the base of the tower have longer service lives than the jacket. The fatigue damage to the jacket leg joints is less than 20% and 40% of its fatigue capacity during the 25-year design lifetime of the BIWF OWT, using the modal expansion method and the simplified static approach, respectively. Full article

In order to prepare biomass-derived carbon materials with high specific capacitance at a low activation temperature (≤700 °C), nanoporous carbon materials were prepared from zanthoxylum bungeanum peels and seeds via the pyrolysis and KOH-activation processes. The results show that the optimal activation temperatures are 700 °C and 600 °C for peels and seeds. Benefiting from the hierarchical pore structure (micropores, mesopores, and macropores), the abundant heteroatoms (N, S, and O) containing functional groups, and plentiful electrochemical active sites, the PAC-700 and SAC-600 derive the large capacities of ~211.0 and ~219.7 F g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH within the three-electrode configuration. Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitors display a high energy density of 22.9 and 22.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at 7500 W kg⁻¹ assembled with PAC-700 and SAC-600, along with exceptional capacitance retention of 99.1% and 93.4% over 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹. More significantly, the contribution here will stimulate the extensive development of low-temperature activation processes and nanoporous carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage and beyond. Full article

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is highly toxic to humans and animals. Its adverse effects have been widely associated with mitochondrial alterations. However, there are not many treatments that target mitochondria. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sulforaphane (SFN) pre-exposure against cadmium chloride (CdCl₂)-induced toxicity and mitochondrial alterations in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), by exploring the role of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS). The results revealed that prior exposure to SFN protected against CdCl₂-induced mortality and increased lifespan, body length, and mobility while reducing lipofuscin levels. Furthermore, SFN prevented mitochondrial alterations by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and restoring mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, thereby decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The improvement in mitochondrial function was associated with increased mitochondrial mass and the involvement of the daf-16 and skn-1c genes of the IIS signaling pathway. In conclusion, exposure to SFN before exposure to CdCl₂ mitigates toxic effects and mitochondrial alterations, possibly by increasing mitochondrial mass, which may be related to the regulation of the IIS pathway. These discoveries open new possibilities for developing therapies to reduce the damage caused by Cd toxicity and oxidative stress in biological systems, highlighting antioxidants with mitochondrial action as promising tools. Full article

After more than five decades, Moore’s Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of gate-all-around (GAA) transistors are being considered as an excellent solution to scaling down beyond the 5 nm technology node, which solves the difficulties of carrier transport in the channel region which are mainly rooted in short channel effects (SCEs). In parallel to Moore, during the last two decades, transistors with a fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) design have also been processed for low-power electronics. Among all the possible designs, there are also tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which offer very low power consumption and decent electrical characteristics. This review article presents new transistor designs, along with the integration of electronics and photonics, simulation methods, and continuation of CMOS process technology to the 5 nm technology node and beyond. The content highlights the innovative methods, challenges, and difficulties in device processing and design, as well as how to apply suitable metrology techniques as a tool to find out the imperfections and lattice distortions, strain status, and composition in the device structures. Full article

UAV remote sensing (RS) image object detection is a very valuable and challenging technology. This article discusses the importance of key features and proposes an object detection network (URSNet) based on a bidirectional multi-span feature pyramid and key feature capture mechanism. Firstly, a bidirectional multi-span feature pyramid (BMSFPN) is constructed. In the process of bidirectional sampling, bicubic interpolation and cross layer fusion are used to filter out image noise and enhance the details of object features. Secondly, the designed feature polarization module (FPM) uses the internal polarization attention mechanism to build a powerful feature representation for classification and regression tasks, making it easier for the network to capture the key object features with more semantic discrimination. In addition, the anchor rotation alignment module (ARAM) further refines the preset anchor frame based on the key regression features extracted by FPM to obtain high-quality rotation anchors with a high matching degree and rich positioning visual information. Finally, the dynamic anchor optimization module (DAOM) is used to improve the ability of feature alignment and positive and negative sample discrimination of the model so that the model can dynamically select the candidate anchor to capture the key regression features so as to further eliminate the deviation between the classification and regression. URSNet has conducted comprehensive ablation and SOTA comparative experiments on challenging RS datasets such as DOTA-V2.0, DIOR and RSOD. The optimal experimental results (87.19% mAP, 108.2 FPS) show that URSNet has efficient and reliable detection performance. Full article

Three types of solution treatment and aging were designed to reveal the α’ decomposition and its effect on the mechanical properties of near-α Ti-80 alloy, as follows: solution at 970 °C then quenching (ST), ST + aging at 600 °C for 5 h (STA-1), and ST + aging 600 °C for 24 h (STA-2). The results show that the microstructures of the ST samples were mainly composed of equiaxed α_p and acicular α’, with a large number of dislocations confirmed by the KAM results. After subsequent aging for 5 h, α’ decomposed into acicular fine α_s and nano-β (intergranular β, intragranular β) in the STA-1 specimen, which obstructed dislocation motion during deformation, resulting in the STA-1 specimen exhibiting the most excellent yield strength (1012 MPa) and maintaining sufficient elongation (8.1%) compared with the ST (898 MPa) and STA-2 (871 MPa) samples. By further extending the aging time to 24 h, the size of acicular α_s and nano-β gradually increased while the density of dislocations decreased, which resulted in a decrease in strength and an increase in plasticity. Based on this, a microstructures–properties correlation model was proposed. This study provides a new method for strength–plasticity matching of near-α titanium alloys through α’ decomposition to acicular α_s+nano-β. Full article

KCTD1 plays crucial roles in regulating both the SHH and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are essential for tooth development. The objective of this study was to investigate if genetic variants in KCTD1 might also be associated with isolated dental anomalies. We clinically and radiographically investigated 362 patients affected with isolated dental anomalies. Whole exome sequencing identified two unrelated families with rare (p.Arg241Gln) or novel (p.Pro243Ser) variants in KCTD1. The variants segregated with the dental anomalies in all nine patients from the two families. Clinical findings of the patients included taurodontism, unseparated roots, long roots, tooth agenesis, a supernumerary tooth, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis. The role of Kctd1 in root development is supported by our immunohistochemical study showing high expression of Kctd1 in Hertwig epithelial root sheath. The KCTD1 variants in our patients are the first variants found to be located in the C-terminal domain, which might disrupt protein–protein interactions and/or SUMOylation and subsequently result in aberrant WNT-SHH-BMP signaling and isolated dental anomalies. Functional studies on the p.Arg241Gln variant are consistent with an impact on β-catenin levels and canonical WNT signaling. This is the first report of the association of KCTD1 variants and isolated dental anomalies. Full article

Humans have influenced the sediment transport of rivers on a centurial scale. Our goal was to use the rate of lateral channel processes as a proxy to reconstruct sediment budget (SB) changes of a lowland river (Middle Tisza, Hungary) on a historical scale (1838–2017). The gross sediment budget (GSB) refers to the total area of eroded and accumulated surfaces, and the net sediment budget (NSB) indicates the sediment sink or source characteristics. At the beginning (1838–1890), the artificial cut-offs increased the slope and channel erosion, but the eroded sediment deposited in the oxbows, so the reach acted as a sediment sink (NSB: +0.1–0.8 m²/m/y). Then (1890–1929), a quasi-equilibrium state developed (NSB: −0.2 m²/m/y to +0.4 m²/m/y). Later (1929–1976), the bank protections impeded lateral erosion, so the system became a sediment sink again (NSB: +0.1–0.7 m²/m/y). Finally (1976–2017), the erosional processes accelerated due to dam construction and revetment collapses, and now the river is a sediment source (NSB: −0.03 to −0.08 m²/m/y). This study proved that (1) the actual SB could not be projected in the long term, as it was heavily modified, and (2) lateral channel changes could be used as a proxy to estimate long-term SB. Full article

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species, prevalent in the tumor microenvironment (TME), adversely impact various cancers. In ovarian cancer, the 18:0 and 20:4 LPA species are selectively associated with shorter relapse-free survival, indicating distinct effects on cellular signaling networks. Macrophages represent a cell type of high relevance in the TME, but the impact of LPA on these cells remains obscure. Here, we uncovered distinct LPA-species-specific responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages through unbiased phosphoproteomics, with 87 and 161 phosphosites upregulated by 20:4 and 18:0 LPA, respectively, and only 24 shared sites. Specificity was even more pronounced for downregulated phosphosites (163 versus 5 sites). Considering the high levels 20:4 LPA in the TME and its selective association with poor survival, this finding may hold significant implications. Pathway analysis pinpointed RHO/RAC1 GTPase signaling as the predominantly impacted target, including AHRGEF and DOCK guanine exchange factors, ARHGAP GTPase activating proteins, and regulatory protein kinases. Consistent with these findings, exposure to 20:4 resulted in strong alterations to the actin filament network and a consequent enhancement of macrophage migration. Moreover, 20:4 LPA induced p38 phosphorylation, a response not mirrored by 18:0 LPA, whereas the pattern for AKT was reversed. Furthermore, RNA profiling identified genes involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism as selective targets of 20:4 LPA. These findings imply that the two LPA species cooperatively regulate different pathways to support functions essential for pro-tumorigenic macrophages within the TME. These include cellular survival via AKT activation and migration through RHO/RAC1 and p38 signaling. Full article

In this paper, single-diode model (SDM) and double-diode model (DDM) parameters of the French RTC solar cell and the Photowatt PWP 201 photovoltaic (PV) module were extracted by combining five metaheuristic algorithms with three simulation current calculation methods (i.e., approximation method, Lambert W method and Newton–Raphson method), respectively. It was found that the parameter-extraction accuracies of the Lambert W (LW) method and the Newton–Raphson (NR) method are always approximately equal and higher than that of the approximation method. The best RMSEs (root mean square error) obtained by using the LW or the NR method on the solar cell and the PV module are 7.72986 × 10⁻⁴ and 2.05296 × 10⁻³ for SDM parameter extraction and 6.93709 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.99051 × 10⁻³ for DDM parameter extraction, respectively. The latter may be the highest parameter-extraction accuracy reported on the solar cell and the PV module so far, which is due to the adoption of more reasonable DDM parameter boundaries. Furthermore, the convergence curves of the LW and the NR method basically coincide, with a convergence speed faster than that of the approximation method. The robustness of a parameter-extraction method is mainly determined by the metaheuristic algorithm, but it is also affected by the simulation current calculation method and the parameter-extraction object. In a word, the approximation method is not suitable for application in PV-model parameter extraction because of incorrect estimation of the simulation current and the RMSE, while the LW and NR methods are suitable for the application for accurately calculating the simulation current and RMSE. In terms of saving computation resources and time, the NR method is superior to the LW method. Full article

The identification and characterization of immunogenic tumor antigens are essential for cancer vaccine development. In light of the impracticality of isolating and evaluating each putative antigen individually, in silico prediction algorithms, particularly those utilizing machine learning (ML) approaches, play a pivotal role. These algorithms significantly reduce the experimental workload necessary for discovering vaccine candidates. In this study, we employed six supervised ML methods on a dataset comprising 212 experimentally validated human tumor peptide antigens and an equal number of non-antigenic human peptides to develop models for immunogenicity prediction. These methods encompassed k-nearest neighbor (kNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The models underwent validation through internal cross-validation within 10 groups from the training set and were further assessed using an external test set. Remarkably, the kNN model demonstrated superior performance, recognizing 90% of the known immunogens in the test set. The RF model excelled in the identification of non-immunogens, accurately classifying 93% of them in the test set. The three top-performing ML models according to multiple evaluation metrics (SVM, RF, and XGBoost) are to be subsequently integrated into the new version of the VaxiJen server, facilitating tumor antigen prediction through a majority voting mechanism. Full article

Photothermal techniques are infrared remote sensing techniques that have been used for biomedical applications, as well as industrial non-destructive testing (NDT). Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence, which includes a set of algorithms for learning from past data and analyzing new data, without being explicitly programmed to do so. In this paper, we first review the latest development of machine learning and its applications in photothermal techniques. Next, we present our latest work on machine learning for data analysis in opto-thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER), which is a type of photothermal technique that has been extensively used in skin hydration, skin hydration depth profiles, skin pigments, as well as topically applied substances and skin penetration measurements. We have investigated different algorithms, such as random forest regression, gradient boosting regression, support vector machine (SVM) regression, and partial least squares regression, as well as deep learning neural network regression. We first introduce the theoretical background, then illustrate its applications with experimental results. Full article

The wine industry has been witnessing a growth in businesses crafting sustainability-certified wines and in the attention of consumers to sustainability, especially in the United States and Italy. To identify the characteristics of consumers who prefer sustainability-certified wine, this study analysed the relationship between consumers’ demographics, wine buying behaviour, and interest in sustainability-certified wine, focusing on these two countries for comparison. Data were collected through an online survey of US and Italian consumers. Through correspondence analysis, k-modes clustering analysis, and multi-way correspondence analysis, this study revealed a stronger relationship between demographics and interest in sustainability-certified wine among US consumers than Italian consumers. In particular, middle-aged US consumers exhibited a greater interest than seniors. The patterns of connections between consumers’ wine buying behaviour and interest in sustainable wine were similar for the two countries. In particular, consumers who purchase wine weekly had a keen interest, and those who purchase wine sporadically had no or little interest. Furthermore, this study uncovered the intricate relationship among various variables, providing a comprehensive understanding of the association between wine consumer characteristics and their interest in sustainability-certified wine. Full article

The advancement toward sustainable infrastructure presents complex multi-objective optimization (MOO) challenges. This paper expands the current understanding of design frameworks that balance cost, environmental impacts, social factors, and structural integrity. Integrating MOO with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), the study targets enhancements in life cycle sustainability for complex engineering projects using precast modular road frames. Three advanced evolutionary algorithms—NSGA-II, NSGA-III, and RVEA—are optimized and deployed to address sustainability objectives under performance constraints. The efficacy of these algorithms is gauged through a comparative analysis, and a robust MCDM approach is applied to nine non-dominated solutions, employing SAW, FUCA, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, and VIKOR decision-making techniques. An entropy theory-based method ensures systematic, unbiased criteria weighting, augmenting the framework’s capacity to pinpoint designs balancing life cycle sustainability. The results reveal that NSGA-III is the algorithm converging towards the most cost-effective solutions, surpassing NSGA-II and RVEA by 21.11% and 10.07%, respectively, while maintaining balanced environmental and social impacts. The RVEA achieves up to 15.94% greater environmental efficiency than its counterparts. The analysis of non-dominated solutions identifies the $A_4$ design, utilizing 35 MPa concrete and B500S steel, as the most sustainable alternative across 80% of decision-making algorithms. The ranking correlation coefficients above 0.94 demonstrate consistency among decision-making techniques, underscoring the robustness of the integrated MOO and MCDM framework. The results in this paper expand the understanding of the applicability of novel techniques for enhancing engineering practices and advocate for a comprehensive strategy that employs advanced MOO algorithms and MCDM to enhance sustainable infrastructure development. Full article

The results of an experimental and mathematical study into the MmNi_4.2Mn_0.8 compound’s hydrogen storage properties are presented in the present research. Plotting and discussion of the experimental isotherms (P-C-T) for different starting temperatures (288 K, 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K) were carried out first. Then, the enthalpy and entropy of formation (ΔH₀, ΔS₀) were deduced from the plot of van’t Hoff. Following that, the P-C-T were contrasted with a mathematical model developed via statistical physics modeling. The steric and energetic parameters, such as the number of the receiving sites (n₁, n₂), their densities (N_m1, N_m2), and the energy parameters (P₁, P₂) of the system, were calculated thanks to the excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Therefore, plotting and discussing these parameters in relation to temperature preceded their application in determining the amount of hydrogen in each type of site per unit of metal ([H/M]₁, [H/M]₂) as well as for the entire system [H/M] versus temperature and pressure besides the absorption energies associated with each kind of site (ΔE¹, ΔE²) and the thermodynamic functions (free energy, Gibbs energy, and entropy) that control the absorption reaction. Full article

This paper discusses thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing technology applied to the delineation of geothermal resources, a significant renewable energy source. The technical characteristics and current status of TIR remote sensing is discussed and related to the integration of geological structure, geophysical data, and geochemical analyses. Also discussed are surface temperature inversion algorithms used to delineate anomalous ground-surface temperatures. Unlike traditional geophysical and geochemical exploration methods, remote sensing technology exhibits considerable advantages in terms of convenience and coverage extent. The paper addresses the major challenges and issues associated with using TIR remote sensing technology in geothermal prospecting. Full article

One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells, and aerobic glycolysis is the primary mechanism by which glucose is quickly transformed into lactate. As one of the primary rate-limiting enzymes, pyruvate kinase (PK) M is engaged in the last phase of aerobic glycolysis. Alternative splicing is a crucial mechanism for protein diversity, and it promotes PKM precursor mRNA splicing to produce PKM2 dominance, resulting in low PKM1 expression. Specific splicing isoforms are produced in various tissues or illness situations, and the post-translational modifications are linked to numerous disorders, including cancers. hnRNPs are one of the main components of the splicing factor families. However, there have been no comprehensive studies on hnRNPs regulating PKM alternative splicing. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory network of hnRNPs on PKM pre-mRNA alternative splicing in tumors and clinical drug research. We elucidate the role of alternative splicing in tumor progression, prognosis, and the potential mechanism of abnormal RNA splicing. We also summarize the drug targets retarding tumorous splicing events, which may be critical to improving the specificity and effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions. Full article

It is widely known that all-female fish production holds economic value for aquaculture. Sebastes schlegelii, a preeminent economic species, exhibits a sex dimorphism, with females surpassing males in growth. In this regard, achieving all-female black rockfish production could significantly enhance breeding profitability. In this study, we utilized the widely used male sex-regulating hormone, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at three different concentrations (20, 40, and 60 ppm), to produce pseudomales of S. schlegelii for subsequent all-female offspring breeding. Long-term MT administration severely inhibits the growth of S. schlegelii, while short term had no significant impact. Histological analysis confirmed sex reversal at all MT concentrations; however, both medium and higher MT concentrations impaired testis development. MT also influenced sex steroid hormone levels in pseudomales, suppressing E2 while increasing T and 11-KT levels. In addition, a transcriptome analysis revealed that MT down-regulated ovarian-related genes (cyp19a1a and foxl2) while up-regulating male-related genes (amh) in pseudomales. Furthermore, MT modulated the TGF-β signaling and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways, indicating its crucial role in S. schlegelii sex differentiation. Therefore, the current study provides a method for achieving sexual reversal using MT in S. schlegelii and offers an initial insight into the underlying mechanism of sexual reversal in this species. Full article

Background and Objectives: Long-term outcomes of immediately postoperative rotational malreduction in the axial plane after operative treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures (SCHF) are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes and associated factors for immediately postoperative rotational malreduction of SCHF. Materials and methods: In this retrospective case–control study, 88 patients who underwent surgery for Gratland type III SCHF were enrolled between January 2012 and January 2020. Among them, 49 patients had immediately postoperative malrotational reduction (rotational malreduction group) and 39 patients had no rotational deformity (control group). To evaluate the associated factors for immediately postoperative rotational malreduction, demographic data, fracture patterns, physical examination signs, and preoperative radiological parameters were analyzed. To compare the clinical outcomes, operation time, range of motion of the elbow, time from operation to full range of motion, and Flynn criteria were evaluated. The Oxford elbow score was used to investigate long-term clinical outcomes for patients five years after operation. Results: The mean age was 5.7 ± 2.3 years and mean follow-up period was 15.7 ± 4.0 months. The rotational malreduction group had significantly more patients with oblique fracture pattern (p = 0.031) and Pucker sign (p = 0.016) and showed a significantly longer operative time (p = 0.029) than the control group. Although there was no significant difference in the range of elbow motion and the Flynn criteria, the Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a longer time to recover the full range of elbow motion in the rotational malreduction group (p = 0.040). There were no significant differences in the long-term clinical outcomes assessed using the Oxford elbow score (p = 0.684). Conclusions: Oblique fracture pattern and Pucker sign may be associated with immediately postoperative rotational malreduction in the axial plane. Although patients with immediately postoperative rotational malreduction showed favorable results of long-term clinical outcomes, they required more weeks to recover the full range of elbow motion. Full article