As water temperatures rise in streams due to global temperature variations, dams, and increased water usage, native fish species face uncertain futures. Our study defines the thermal limits of flannelmouth sucker larvae. By raising sucker eggs at three acclimation temperatures (11 °C, 16 °C, and 22 °C), we defined ideal conditions for larval survival and the temperature tolerance range using critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and minimum (CTMin) trials. Larvae survived best at 16 °C. Within our three acclimation temperatures, our data suggest that larvae can survive static temperatures between 6.9 °C and 26.4 °C. Beyond an upper temperature of 34.8 °C and a lower temperature of 6.3 °C, these fish may fail to adapt. While flannelmouth suckers withstand high temperatures, even small temperature decreases prove detrimental. By defining the temperature limits of the flannelmouth sucker, we can make informed management decisions to preserve the populations of this desert fish. Full article

Pre-service biology teachers must apply Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) acquired at university in real classroom situations to utilize the instructional potential of digital technologies for teaching biology. So far, there is little evidence on how pre-service biology teachers translate TPACK into teaching practice. The present study addresses this gap by accompanying 42 pre-service biology teachers in planning, implementing, and reflecting on a biology lesson as part of their internship semester at school. Data were collected via written lesson plans, videotaped lesson observations, and stimulated-recall reflection interviews and evaluated by applying a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. The results indicate that pre-service biology teachers enact their TPACK by focusing on technology with the content of the subject receding into the background. In addition, pre-service biology teachers focus particularly on aspects that serve to structure the lesson, rather than on aspects of student activation. The use of emerging technologies in the classroom seems to lead to insecurity among pre-service biology teachers for various reasons, whereby surface characteristics and structuring lesson aspects are focused. Within the sample, we can distinguish between two types of TPACK enactment: the split-focus type separates between content and technology, whereas the novelty-focus type systematically links content and technology, utilizing the technology as a tool for subject teaching. Full article

The topic of this review is the physical gelling of liquid crystalline (LC) phases. It allows the combination of order and mobility of the LC-phase with macroscopic stability, which makes it a soft material. Thus, the gelled LCs acquire properties of LC-elastomers without the need for complicated chemistry to allow polymerization and crosslinking. But, instead, an LC-material (either a pure compound or a mixture) can be mixed with a few percent of a gel-forming agent, which self-assembles into long fibers that span the volume of the gel and make it a soft-solid. The use of azo-containing gel-forming agents thereby allows us to make gelation not only thermo-responsive, but also photo-responsive (trans-cis isomerization). This review discusses the micro-morphology of the gelled LCs and their influence on the mechanical properties and the switching in external electric fields. In addition, the potential of reversibility is discussed, which is not only interesting for recycling purposes, but also offers a route to inscribe a complex director pattern into the gelled liquid crystal. Full article

In many areas of engineering, the design of a new system usually involves estimating performance-related parameters from early stages of the project to determine whether a given solution will be compliant with the defined requirements. This aspect is particularly relevant during the design of satellite payloads, where the target environment is not easily accessible in most cases. In the context of Earth observation sensors, this problem has been typically solved with the help of a set of complex pseudo-empirical models and/or expensive laboratory equipment. This paper describes a more practical approach: the illumination conditions measured by an in-orbit payload are recreated on ground with the help of a replica of the same payload so the performance of another Earth observation sensor in development can be evaluated. The proposed method is specially relevant in the context of small satellites, as the possibility of having extra units devoted to these tasks becomes greater as costs are reduced. The results obtained using this method in an actual space mission are presented in this paper, giving valuable information that will help in further stages of the project. Full article

Over the years, building appliances have become the major energy consumers to improve indoor air quality and occupants’ lifestyles. The primary energy usage in building sectors, particularly lighting, Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, is expected to double in the upcoming years due to inappropriate control operation activities. Recently, several researchers have provided an automated solution to turn HVAC and lighting on when the space is being occupied and off when the space becomes vacant. Previous studies indicate a lack of publicly accessible datasets for environmental sensing and suggest developing holistic models that detect buildings’ occupancy. Additionally, the reliability of their solutions tends to decrease as the occupancy grows in a building. Therefore, this study proposed a machine learning-based framework for smart building occupancy detection that considered the lighting parameter in addition to the HVAC parameter used in the existing studies. We employed a parametric classifier to ensure a strong correlation between the predicting parameters and the occupancy prediction model. This study uses a machine learning model that combines direct and environmental sensing techniques to obtain high-quality training data. The analysis of the experimental results shows high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the applied RF model (0.86, 0.99, 1.0, and 0.88 respectively) for occupancy prediction and substantial energy saving. Full article

A common infection, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease and possibly certain cancers. HCMV has also been associated with cognitive, psychiatric, and neurological conditions. Children with congenital or early-life HCMV are at risk for microcephaly, cerebral palsy, and sensorineural hearing loss, although in many cases sensorineural loss may resolve. In addition, HCMV can be associated with neurodevelopmental impairment, which may improve with time. In young, middle-aged, and older adults, HCMV has been adversely associated with cognitive function in some but not in all studies. Research has linked HCMV to Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia, but again not all findings consistently support these associations. In addition, HCMV has been associated with depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and autism-spectrum disorder, although the available findings are likewise inconsistent. Given associations between HCMV and a variety of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, additional research investigating reasons for the considerable inconsistencies in the currently available findings is needed. Additional meta-analyses and more longitudinal studies are needed as well. Research into the effects of antiviral medication on cognitive and neurological outcomes and continued efforts in vaccine development have potential to lower the neurocognitive, neuropsychiatric, and neurological burden of HCMV infection. Full article

Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration are crucial in the care of people with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) yet are often experienced as insufficient. Through the lens of complexity science, this study aims to explain how healthcare professionals (HCPs) adapt to emerging situations in the care of patients with MLTC by examining interdisciplinary communication and collaboration in the outpatient hospital setting. We used the constant comparative method to analyze transcribed data from seven focus groups with twenty-one HCPs to generate a constructivist grounded theory of ‘interdisciplinary communication and collaboration in the outpatient setting of the hospital for patients with multiple long-term conditions’. Our theory elucidates the various pathways of communication and collaboration. Why, when, and how team members choose to collaborate influences if and to what degree tailored care is achieved. There is great variability and unpredictability to this process due to internalized rules, such as beliefs on the appropriateness to deviate from guidelines, and the presence of an interprofessional identity. We identified organizational structures that influence the dynamics of the care team such as the availability of time and financial compensation for collaboration. As we strive for tailored care for patients with MLTC, our theory provides promising avenues for future endeavors. Full article

Smad proteins influence the TGFβ signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the rs17228212 polymorphism of the SMAD3 gene and advanced carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian subjects and to investigate the effect of the rs17228212 SMAD3 polymorphism on the expression of SMAD3 in endarterectomy sequesters. In this cross-sectional case-control study, 881 unrelated Caucasians were divided into two groups. The first group included 308 patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis of the common or internal carotid artery with stenosis greater than 75% that underwent a revascularization procedure (cases). The control group consisted of 573 subjects without hemodynamically significant carotid atherosclerosis. We analyzed the rs17228212 polymorphism of the SMAD3 gene using the StepOne real-time polymerase chain reaction system and TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The results in the two genetic models showed a statistically significant association, codominant (OR 4.05; CI 1.10–17.75; p = 0.037) and dominant (OR 3.60; CI 1.15–15.45; p = 0.045). An immunohistochemical analysis of SMAD3 expression was conducted for 26 endarterectomy specimens. The T allele of the rs17228212 SMAD3 gene was shown to be associated with an increased numerical area density of SMAD3-positive cells in carotid plaques. Full article

Eggplant is a highly significant vegetable crop and extensively cultivated worldwide. Sepal color is considered one of the major commercial traits of eggplant. Eggplant sepals develop from petals, and sepals have the ability to change color by accumulating anthocyanins, but whether the eggplants in sepal and their biosynthetic pathways are the same as those in petals is not known. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of sepal color formation. In this study, we performed bulked segregant analysis and transcriptome sequencing using eggplant sepals and obtained 1,452,898 SNPs and 182,543 InDel markers, respectively, as well as 123.65 Gb of clean data using transcriptome sequencing. Through marker screening, the genes regulating eggplant sepals were localized to an interval of 2.6 cM on chromosome 10 by bulked segregant analysis sequencing and transcriptome sequencing and co-analysis, combined with screening of molecular markers by capillary electrophoresis. Eight possible candidate genes were then screened to further interpret the regulatory incentives for the eggplant sepal color. Full article

Various methods exist for multiscale characterization of surface topographies, each offering unique insights and applications. The study focuses on fractal-based approaches, distinguishing themselves by leveraging fractals to analyze surface complexity. Specifically, the Richardson Patchwork method, used in the ASME B46.1 and ISO 25178 standards, is compared to the Sdr parameter derived from ISO 25178-2, with a low-pass Gaussian filter for multiscale characterization. The comparison is performed from the relative area calculated on topographies of TA6V samples grit blasted with different pressures and blasting materials (media). The surfaces obtained by grit blasting have fractal-like characteristics over the scales studied, enabling the analysis of area development at multiple levels based on pressure and media. The relative area is similar for both methods, regardless of the complexity of the topographies. The relevance scale for each calculation method that significantly represents the effect of grit blasting pressure on the increased value of the relative area is a tiling of 7657.64 µm² of triangle area for the Patchwork method and a 124.6 µm cut-off for the low-pass Gaussian filter of the Sdr method. These results could facilitate a standard, friendly, new fractal method for multiscale characterization of the relative area. Full article

Infective pleural effusions are mainly represented by parapneumonic effusions and empyema. These conditions are a spectrum of pleural diseases that are commonly encountered and carry significant mortality and morbidity rates reaching upwards of 50%. The causative etiology is usually an underlying bacterial pneumonia with the subsequent seeding of the infectious culprit and inflammatory agents to the pleural space leading to an inflammatory response and fibrin deposition. Radiographical evaluation through a CT scan or ultrasound yields high specificity and sensitivity, with features such as septations or pleural thickening indicating worse outcomes. Although microbiological yields from pleural studies are around 56% only, fluid analysis assists in both diagnosis and prognosis by evaluating pH, glucose, and other biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase. Management centers around antibiotic therapy for 2–6 weeks and the drainage of the infected pleural space when the effusion is complicated through tube thoracostomies or surgical intervention. Intrapleural enzymatic therapy, used to increase drainage, significantly decreases treatment failure rates, length of hospital stay, and surgical referrals but carries a risk of pleural hemorrhage. This comprehensive review article aims to define and delineate the progression of parapneumonic effusions and empyema as well as discuss pathophysiology, diagnostic, and treatment modalities with aims of broadening the generalist’s understanding of such complex disease by reviewing the most recent and relevant high-quality evidence. Full article

With the continuous improvement in the strength of medium-thick plate materials, the hot straightening of plates at high temperatures is increasingly influencing the final defect characteristics of products. In the high-temperature hot straightening process, the temperature and straightening speed of the plate significantly influence its intrinsic material properties, which, in turn, affect the straightening characteristics of the plate. However, most current material models used in the straightening process do not consider the relationship between temperature and strain rate, which leads to an inaccurate characterization of the actual material structure. Additionally, the continuous reverse bending mechanics model for straightening does not account for the impact of different bending strain rates on the bending characteristics of the plate in the thickness direction. In this study, a numerical calculation method was employed to investigate the evolution process of stress and curvature in the roll-type hot straightening process of medium-thick plates. Experimental data and mathematical methods were utilized to develop a viscous plastic material model that accounted for temperature and strain rate. Furthermore, a cross-sectional continuous reverse bending model was established, taking into account the temperature and straightening speed, enabling a reasonable interpretation of the mechanical parameter behaviors of medium-thick plates during high-temperature straightening. Full article

While significant strides have been made in comprehending the pathophysiology and treatment of epilepsy, further investigation is warranted to elucidate the factors impacting its development and transmission, particularly within familial contexts. This study sought to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with epilepsy in the offspring of patients with epilepsy who were treated at a tertiary epilepsy center. Adult patients with confirmed epilepsy (PWE) receiving outpatient care were consecutively enrolled, starting from January 2021 to January 2023. Data were recorded for various variables, including age, gender, epilepsy pathophysiology, cognitive impairment, and family history of epilepsy. Descriptive statistics, various statistical tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. A total of 1456 PWE were included. Among them, 463 patients (31.8%) had children. Twenty-five patients had offspring diagnosed with epilepsy, representing a prevalence of 5.4%. Analysis of the offspring with epilepsy revealed older ages, a higher proportion of parents with idiopathic epilepsy, and a greater prevalence of a positive family history of epilepsy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between a family history of epilepsy and increased epilepsy risk in offspring. Genetic syndrome-immanent predisposition, advanced age, and a family history of epilepsy were identified as significant risk factors for epilepsy in offspring by means of this mono-center study. Full article

Endophytic fungus is crucial for maintaining plant health and defense mechanisms, acting as protective barriers against pathogens, and producing medicinally beneficial bioactive compounds. Genome sequencing and metagenomics have significantly enhanced the understanding of fungal diversity and metabolic capabilities, enabling the identification of new genes and substances. Traditional culture-dependent methods have been complemented by culture-independent techniques, offering a more comprehensive view of fungal diversity. Using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, the present research investigation explored the diversity of endophytic fungi encountered in the foliage of Hardwickia binata. The study examined the topographical characteristics and nutritional content of soil samples collected from the locality of the selected plant sample, H. binata, to better comprehend the effects on the plant’s growth. The balanced nutrient constituted approximately a pH of 7.2, which suggested an alkaline nature and promoted plant development. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium remained 3:1:1. A total of 25 fungal isolates, categorized into 17 morphotypes, were obtained using the culture-dependent approach; Curvularia and Nigrospora emerged as the most common genera. Furthermore, the prediction of the ITS2 secondary structure supports the identification of species, highlighting a wide variety of fungal species present in H. binata. The culture-independent approach generated 69,570 high-quality sequences, identifying 269 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The dominant Ascomycota phylum, along with various genera, indicated a rich fungal community associated with H. binata. This study advances the understanding of the endophytic fungus communities that are associated with H. binata and the nature of soil ecology. The findings emphasize the significance of holistic techniques in the study of microbial dynamics within plant systems as well as their implications for ecosystem management and plant health. Full article

Despite the recent need for sustainable energy resources, bioenergy gained its spotlight in the 2000s. Sugarcane is a significant crop in terms of sugar and energy capacity, and it can be an alternative energy source to mitigate the effects of climate change. Bioenergy production from sugarcane in Brazil is one of the most efficient options. This production lends a centrality to biofuels’ importance in confronting climate change effects. The present article reviews the Brazilian history of this crop as a biofuel source, focusing on plants as a biomass. We highlight the historical changes related to scientific, technological, industrial, and environmental advances since the beginning of the 20th century. We describe how creating governmental institutes and disseminating scientific knowledge strengthened public policies that led Brazil to occupy leadership positions in producing, distributing, and using bioenergy throughout the country. The compiled data show the improvements and the new approaches needed to improve ethanol sugarcane use. We performed a bibliometric analysis to evaluate Brazilian science’s contribution to this process compared to other countries. Brazil’s history of science and investment in sugarcane biofuel development for transportation may be divided into two phases: ethanol-only and flex-fuel cars. A third phase is starting, directed to the SAF and ethanol-to-hydrogen era. Full article

The Baiyun gold deposit is a medium-sized deposit in northeastern Hubei around the southern margin of the Tongbai-Dabie metallogenic belt. However, its genesis has not been determined. The metallogenic process of the Baiyun gold deposit can be divided into three stages: quartz + feldspar, quartz + native gold + electrum + polymetallic sulfides, and quartz + pyrite + calcite + iron dolomite + illite. In this study, LA-ICP-MS was used for in situ trace element and isotope analyses in the main and late ore stage hydrothermal sulfides to evaluate the genesis and evolution of ore-forming fluids. Gold is positively correlated with Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Te and the Co/Ni ratio is greater than 1. The S isotope values of Py1 and Py2 are −0.23–3.04‰ and 1.27–6.09‰, respectively. As mineralization progressed, S isotope values increased. In situ S isotope values of the two types of galena symbiotic with pyrite in the main metallogenic stage are 2.97–3.47‰. In situ Fe isotopic values of pyrite are −0.05–0.82‰; values in the two stages are similar without significant fractionation. We inferred that the Baiyun gold deposit formed via magmatic mineralization related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate during the Yanshanian. Full article

The Shouyang Block was selected as the research subject. Comprehensive analysis was conducted using coalbed methane (CBM) well production data, geochemical test data on water produced from the coalbed methane well, and fundamental geological information. The findings reveal the water dynamics in the Shouyang Block are characterized by weak groundwater runoff or retention in most areas. The groundwater head height exhibits a gradual decrease from the north to south, which is closely associated with the monoclinic structure of the Shouyang Block. Overall, water production is relatively high. As the average water production increases, the average gas production gradually decreases. A concentration of high water production wells is observed in the northern part of the Shouyang Block, which gradually increases towards the southeast direction. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the factors influencing water production, including total water content of coal seams, coal seam porosity, groundwater stability index, groundwater sealing coefficient, D value of the fracture fractal dimension, fault fractal dimension, and sand–mud ratio. The correlation degree was calculated and ranked in order of magnitude through grey correlation analysis. The order of factors that influence water production, from strongest to weakest, is as follows: sand–mud ratio > porosity > fractal dimension of fault > fracture fractal dimension D value > groundwater sealing coefficient > groundwater stability index > total water content of coal seams. The dissolution amounts of carbonate and sulfate are both small, and the water source may mainly come from the sandstone aquifer. Attention should be paid to the distribution and lithological combination of sandstone aquifers in coal-bearing strata in the future exploration and development process of the Shouyang Block. This will help to avoid the potential influence of fault structures and enable the identification of favorable areas for low water and high gas production. Full article

Polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance. Switchgrass is a perennial rhizomatous bunchgrass that is considered ideal for cultivation in marginal lands, including sites with saline soil. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses and transcriptome changes in the octoploid and tetraploid of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. ‘Alamo’) under salt stress. We found that autoploid 8× switchgrass had enhanced salt tolerance compared with the amphidiploid 4× precursor, as indicated by physiological and phenotypic traits. Octoploids had increased salt tolerance by significant changes to the osmoregulatory and antioxidant systems. The salt-treated 8× Alamo plants showed greater potassium (K⁺) accumulation and an increase in the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. Root transcriptome analysis for octoploid and tetraploid plants with or without salt stress revealed that 302 upregulated and 546 downregulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways and were specifically associated with the auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and ethylene pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected four significant salt stress-related modules. This study explored the changes in the osmoregulatory system, inorganic ions, antioxidant enzyme system, and the root transcriptome in response to salt stress in 8× and 4× Alamo switchgrass. The results enhance knowledge of the salt tolerance of artificially induced homologous polyploid plants and provide experimental and sequencing data to aid research on the short-term adaptability and breeding of salt-tolerant biofuel plants. Full article

Exact biopsy planning and careful execution of needle injection is crucial to ensure successful procedure completion as initially intended while minimizing the risk of complications. This study introduces a solution aimed at helping the operator navigate to precisely position the needle in a previously planned trajectory utilizing a mixed reality headset. A markerless needle tracking method was developed by integrating deep learning and deterministic computer vision techniques. The system is based on superimposing imaging data onto the patient’s body in order to directly perceive the anatomy and determine a path from the selected injection site to the target location. Four types of tests were conducted to assess the system’s performance: measuring the accuracy of needle pose estimation, determining the distance between injection sites and designated targets, evaluating the efficiency of material collection, and comparing procedure time and number of punctures required with and without the system. These tests, involving both phantoms and physician participation in the latter two, demonstrated the accuracy and usability of the proposed solution. The results showcased a significant improvement, with a reduction in number of punctures needed to reach the target location. The test was successfully completed on the first attempt in 70% of cases, as opposed to only 20% without the system. Additionally, there was a 53% reduction in procedure time, validating the effectiveness of the system. Full article

The occurrence of the term σχήμα in Phil 2:7d is analyzed in comparison with two other crucial Pauline occurrences: 1 Cor 7:31 and Phil 3:21 (here as a semanteme included in the verb μετασχηματίσει). This comparative study aims to provide a revision of the current interpretation of the word as designating the outward, sensory, accidental appearance in which Christ’s human nature was manifested to those who dealt with him. This traditional reconstruction is unsatisfactory in two respects: (1) it is tributary to a substantialist ontology that identifies corporeality as a mere spatial extension, unrelated to historicity and (2) it is fraught with highly problematic theological, potentially docetic, implications. As an alternative, the term σχήμα is here interpreted within the framework of the great Pauline theology of history: as a temporal–eschatological marker designating the peculiar temporal state of transience and suffering corruptibility inherent in physicality and corporeal life. This change also clarifies the conceptual articulation of σχήμα with the parallel expression μορφὴν δούλου. According to this interpretation, contrary to the prevailing view, the locution “slave form” does not designate ‘the’ or ‘one’ ‘human form’ but the ‘creature form’, as cosmic submission to temporal finitude. Full article

Dashiling Gully, located in Miyun District, Beijing, exhibits a high susceptibility to debris flow due to its unique geological and topographical characteristics. The area is characterized by well-developed rock joints and fissures, intense weathering, a steep gradient, and a constricted gully morphology. These factors contribute to the accumulation of surface water and loose sediment, significantly increasing the risk of debris flow events. Following a comprehensive field geological investigation of Dashiling Gully, key parameters for simulation were obtained, including fluid weight, volume concentration, and rainfall. The formation and development conditions of potential mudslides were analyzed, and numerical simulations were conducted using FLO-2D software (version 2009) to assess scenarios with rainfall probabilities of 1 in 30, 50, and 100 years. The simulations accurately reconstructed the movement velocity, deposition depth, and other critical movement characteristics of mudslides under each rainfall scenario. Using ArcGIS, pre- and post-treatment hazard zoning maps were generated for Dashiling Gully. Furthermore, the efficacy of implementing a retaining wall as a mitigation measure was evaluated through additional numerical simulations. The results indicated that mudslide velocities ranged from 0 to 3 m/s, with deposition depths primarily between 0 and 3 m. The maximum recorded velocity reached 3.5 m/s, corresponding to a peak deposition depth of 4.31 m. Following the implementation of the retaining wall, the maximum deposition depth significantly decreased to 1.9 m, and high-risk zones were eliminated, demonstrating the intervention’s effectiveness. This study provides a rigorous evaluation of mudslide movement characteristics and the impact of mitigation measures within Dashiling Gully. The findings offer valuable insights and serve as a reference for forecasting and mitigating similar mudslide events triggered by heavy rainfall in gully mudslides. Full article

The Yellow River, a critical water resource, faces challenges stemming from increasing water demand, which has led to detrimental effects on hydropower generation and ecological balance. This paper will address the complex task of balancing the interests of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology within the context of cascade reservoirs, specifically Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs. Employing a systemic coupling coordination approach, we constructed a multi-objective synergetic model of the upper Yellow River in order to explore synergies and competitions among multiple objectives. The results reveal that there is a weak competitive relationship between hydropower generation and water supply, a strong synergy between hydropower generation and ecology, and a strong competitive relationship between water supply and ecology. The Pareto solution set analysis indicates a considerable percentage (59%, 20%, and 8% in wet, normal, and dry years, respectively) exhibiting excellent coordination. The probability of excellent coordination decreases with diminishing inflow. The optimization scheme with the highest coupling coordination demonstrates significant improvements in power generation, water supply, and ecological benefits in the upper Yellow River without compromising other objectives, fostering the sustainable operation of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology in the upper Yellow River. Full article