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In the paper, the authors introduce two notions, the normalized remainders, or say, the normalized tails, of the Maclaurin power series expansions of the sine and cosine functions, derive two integral representations of the normalized tails, prove the nonnegativity, positivity, decreasing property, and
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In the paper, the authors introduce two notions, the normalized remainders, or say, the normalized tails, of the Maclaurin power series expansions of the sine and cosine functions, derive two integral representations of the normalized tails, prove the nonnegativity, positivity, decreasing property, and concavity of the normalized tails, compute several special values of the Young function, the Lommel function, and a generalized hypergeometric function, recover two inequalities for the tails of the Maclaurin power series expansions of the sine and cosine functions, propose three open problems about the nonnegativity, positivity, decreasing property, and concavity of a newly introduced function which is a generalization of the normalized tails of the Maclaurin power series expansions of the sine and cosine functions. These results are related to the Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals.
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To accurately depict inventory management over time, this paper introduces a fractional inventory management model that builds upon the existing classical inventory management framework. According to the definition of fractional difference equation, the numerical solution and phase diagram of an inventory management system
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To accurately depict inventory management over time, this paper introduces a fractional inventory management model that builds upon the existing classical inventory management framework. According to the definition of fractional difference equation, the numerical solution and phase diagram of an inventory management system are obtained by MATLAB simulation. The influence of parameters on the nonlinear behavior of the system is analyzed by a bifurcation diagram and largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Combined with the related indexes of time series, the complex characteristics of a quantization system are analyzed using spectral entropy and C0. This study concluded that the changing law of system complexity is consistent with the LLE of the system. By analyzing the influence of order on the system, it is found that the inventory changes will be periodic in some areas when the system is fractional, which is close to the actual conditions of the company’s inventory situation. The research results of this paper provide useful information for inventory managers to implement inventory and facility management strategies.
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Combretum micranthum, a plant native to Africa, has a well-documented traditional use in the treatment of various ailments such as fever, diabetes, and malaria. Its pharmaceutical benefits include nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which were proven. In addition, its potential for
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Combretum micranthum, a plant native to Africa, has a well-documented traditional use in the treatment of various ailments such as fever, diabetes, and malaria. Its pharmaceutical benefits include nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which were proven. In addition, its potential for cosmetic applications is being explored due to its depigmenting, anti-inflammatory, and UV-damage-repairing properties. This article investigates the molecular composition and new cosmetically relevant biological activity of C. micranthum and enriched fractions to begin the establishment of the structure–activity relationship. Firstly, an extract of C. micranthum was prepared and selected for its overall biological response and then fractionated to obtain simplified molecular fractions. One fraction was particularly enriched in kinkeloids, a specific family of compounds to this species. All the fractions and the crude extract were then tested on biological targets to evaluate and compare their cosmetic activities. Molecular networks were constructed from the UHPLC-MS/HRMS data to better characterize the extract and fractions and to highlight structure–activity relationships. This study highlights the metabolic profiling of a butylene glycol extract of C. micranthum, showing its main chemical families and revealing that the kinkeloids, identified by HRMS and NMR, promote an increase in collagen I synthesis, an interesting cosmetic activity neither previously described for these compounds and neither for C. micranthum extract.
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Accurate comprehension of grassland fires is imperative for maintaining ecological stability. In this study, we propose a novel fire model that incorporates real-time meteorological conditions. Our methodology integrates key meteorological factors including relative humidity, temperature, degree of solidification of combustible materials, and wind
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Accurate comprehension of grassland fires is imperative for maintaining ecological stability. In this study, we propose a novel fire model that incorporates real-time meteorological conditions. Our methodology integrates key meteorological factors including relative humidity, temperature, degree of solidification of combustible materials, and wind speed. These factors are embedded into a comprehensive function that determines both the downwind and upwind spreading speeds of the fire. Additionally, the model accommodates fire spread in the absence of wind by incorporating the direction perpendicular to the wind, with wind speed set to zero. By precisely determining wind speed, the model enables real-time calculation of fire spread speeds in all directions. Under stable wind conditions, the fire spread area typically adopts an elliptical shape. Leveraging ellipse properties, we define the aspect ratio as a function related to wind speed. Consequently, with knowledge of the fire duration, the model accurately estimates the area of fire spread. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in predicting and evaluating fires in the Hulunbuir Grassland. The model offers an innovative method for quantifying grassland fires, contributing significantly to the understanding and management of grassland ecosystems.
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Along with the development of new-generation information technology, digital twins (DTs) have become the most promising enabling technology for smart manufacturing. This article presents a statistical analysis of the literature related to the applications of DTs for discrete manufacturing lines, researches their development
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Along with the development of new-generation information technology, digital twins (DTs) have become the most promising enabling technology for smart manufacturing. This article presents a statistical analysis of the literature related to the applications of DTs for discrete manufacturing lines, researches their development status in the areas of the design and improvement of manufacturing lines, the scheduling and control of manufacturing line, and predicting faults in critical equipment. The deployment frameworks of DTs in different applications are summarized. In addition, this article discusses the three key technologies of high-fidelity modeling, real-time information interaction methods, and iterative optimization algorithms. The current issues, such as fine-grained sculpting of twin models, the adaptivity of the models, delay issues, and the development of efficient modeling tools are raised. This study provides a reference for the design, modification, and optimization of discrete manufacturing lines.
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The automobile industry is shifting from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs) extremely fast. Our calculation regarding the most popular private car brand in Bangladesh, Toyota, shows that the life cycle cost (LCC) of a
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The automobile industry is shifting from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs) extremely fast. Our calculation regarding the most popular private car brand in Bangladesh, Toyota, shows that the life cycle cost (LCC) of a Toyota BZ3 (EV), USD 43,409, is more expensive than a Toyota Aqua (HEV) and Toyota Prius (HEV), but cheaper than a Toyota Axio (ICEV) and Toyota Allion (ICEV). It has been found that about a 25% reduction in the acquisition cost of a Toyota BZ3 would lower its LCC to below others. EVs can be a good choice for those who travel a lot. Changes in electricity prices have little effect upon the LCC of EVs. With the expected decline in the annual price for batteries, which is between 6 and 9%, and the improvement of their capacities, EVs will be more competitive with other vehicles by 2030 or even earlier. EVs will dominate the market since demand for alternative fuel-powered vehicles is growing due to their environmental and economic advantages.
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The world’s most significant yield by production quantity is sugarcane. It is the primary source for sugar, ethanol, chipboards, paper, barrages, and confectionery. Many people are affiliated with sugarcane production and their products around the globe. The sugarcane industries make an agreement with
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The world’s most significant yield by production quantity is sugarcane. It is the primary source for sugar, ethanol, chipboards, paper, barrages, and confectionery. Many people are affiliated with sugarcane production and their products around the globe. The sugarcane industries make an agreement with farmers before the tillering phase of plants. Industries are keen on knowing the sugarcane field’s pre-harvest estimation for planning their production and purchases. The proposed research contribution is twofold: by publishing our newly developed dataset, we also present a methodology to estimate the number of sugarcane plants in the tillering phase. The dataset has been obtained from sugarcane fields in the fall season. In this work, a modified architecture of Faster R-CNN with feature extraction using VGG-16 with Inception-v3 modules and sigmoid threshold function has been proposed for the detection and classification of sugarcane plants. Significantly promising results with 82.10% accuracy have been obtained with the proposed architecture, showing the viability of the developed methodology.
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This study focuses on recycling Shammi corn stalks in the cement industries, further avoiding air and soil pollution caused by their improper disposal. This crop residue was thermally treated at 700 °C for 2 h under an oxygen-rich environment to produce Shammi corn
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This study focuses on recycling Shammi corn stalks in the cement industries, further avoiding air and soil pollution caused by their improper disposal. This crop residue was thermally treated at 700 °C for 2 h under an oxygen-rich environment to produce Shammi corn stalk ash (SCSA). This SCSA was used as a cement replacement material (2–10%, w/w), whereas the control sample included only cement. The compressive strength values for the 4% (w/w) replacement ratio at 2-, 7-, and 28-day ages were greater than those for the control by 26.5%, 15.8%, and 11.4%, respectively. This 4% (w/w) also maintained a better flexural strength than other mixtures, with proper initial and final setting times (135 and 190 min), workability (18.5 cm), and water consistency (27.5%). These mechanical/physical properties were integrated with socio-enviro-economic data collected from experts through a pairwise comparison questionnaire, forming the inputs of a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model. Recycling SCSA in the cement-manufacturing process attained positive scores in the achievement of the three pillars of sustainable development, revealing an overall score greater than the control. Hence, the study outcomes could be essential in developing green concrete, cement blocks, and mortar, based on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda.
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In this paper, we present a new processing method, called MOSES—Impacts, for the detection of micrometer-sized damage on glass plate surfaces. It extends existing methods by a separation of damaged areas, called impacts, to support state-of-the-art recycling systems in optimizing their parameters. These
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In this paper, we present a new processing method, called MOSES—Impacts, for the detection of micrometer-sized damage on glass plate surfaces. It extends existing methods by a separation of damaged areas, called impacts, to support state-of-the-art recycling systems in optimizing their parameters. These recycling systems are used to repair process-related damages on glass plate surfaces, caused by accelerated material fragments, which arise during a laser–matter interaction in a vacuum. Due to a high number of impacts, the presented MOSES—Impacts algorithm focuses on the separation of connected impacts in two-dimensional images. This separation is crucial for the extraction of relevant features such as centers of gravity and radii of impacts, which are used as recycling parameters. The results show that the MOSES—Impacts algorithm effectively separates impacts, achieves a mean agreement with human users of (82.0 ± 2.0)%, and improves the recycling of glass plate surfaces by identifying around 7% of glass plate surface area as being not in need of repair compared to existing methods.
Full article
Detecting cracks in the pavement is a vital component of ensuring road safety. Since manual identification of these cracks can be time-consuming, an automated method is needed to speed up this process. However, creating such a system is challenging due to factors including
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Detecting cracks in the pavement is a vital component of ensuring road safety. Since manual identification of these cracks can be time-consuming, an automated method is needed to speed up this process. However, creating such a system is challenging due to factors including crack variability, variations in pavement materials, and the occurrence of miscellaneous objects and anomalies on the pavement. Motivated by the latest progress in deep learning applied to computer vision, we propose an effective U-Net-shaped model named DepthCrackNet. Our model employs the Double Convolution Encoder (DCE), composed of a sequence of convolution layers, for robust feature extraction while keeping parameters optimally efficient. We have incorporated the TriInput Multi-Head Spatial Attention (TMSA) module into our model; in this module, each head operates independently, capturing various spatial relationships and boosting the extraction of rich contextual information. Furthermore, DepthCrackNet employs the Spatial Depth Enhancer (SDE) module, specifically designed to augment the feature extraction capabilities of our segmentation model. The performance of the DepthCrackNet was evaluated on two public crack datasets: Crack500 and DeepCrack. In our experimental studies, the network achieved mIoU scores of 77.0% and 83.9% with the Crack500 and DeepCrack datasets, respectively.
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Banana production in Australia is under threat from Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4), and the option of growing a disease-resistant variety is sought after by many farmers. Goldfinger is one such alternative; however, it was previously rejected by Australian consumers. In Phase
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Banana production in Australia is under threat from Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4), and the option of growing a disease-resistant variety is sought after by many farmers. Goldfinger is one such alternative; however, it was previously rejected by Australian consumers. In Phase I of this investigation, mutagenesis was employed as a practical method to generate large numbers of novel variants. In Phase II, 631 variants were established in a field trial where agronomic and postharvest assessments, including taste-testing, identified 20 improved selections. Phase III involved a replicated field evaluation of the selections with favourable mutations, where further taste-testing revealed five selections with the most promising eating characteristics. In Phase IV, the five selections underwent large-scale consumer and sensory evaluations where four of them performed as well as the industry standard controls ‘Williams’ Cavendish and Lady Finger. The sensory analysis revealed differences in the fruit flavour profile and textural attributes, and these features will play a key role in bringing a new banana variety to market and for promotion to consumers. Screening of the variants’ resistance to yellow Sigatoka was integrated into the project, but further work is needed to ensure these four selections have retained their TR4 resistance.
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Migrant remittances have become significant in poverty alleviation and microeconomic development in low-income countries. However, the ease of conducting global migrant remittance transfers has also introduced the risk of misuse by terrorist organizations to quickly move and conceal operational funds, facilitating terrorism financing.
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Migrant remittances have become significant in poverty alleviation and microeconomic development in low-income countries. However, the ease of conducting global migrant remittance transfers has also introduced the risk of misuse by terrorist organizations to quickly move and conceal operational funds, facilitating terrorism financing. This study aims to develop an unsupervised machine learning algorithm capable of detecting suspicious financial transactions associated with terrorist financing in migrant remittances. To achieve this goal, a structural equation model (SEM) and an outlier detection algorithm were developed to analyze and identify suspicious transactions among the financial activities of migrants residing in Belgium. The results show that the SEM model classifies a significantly high number of transactions as suspicious, making it prone to detecting false positives. Finally, the study developed an ensemble outlier detection algorithm that comprises an isolation forest (IF) and a local outlier factor (LOF) to detect suspicious transactions in the same dataset. The model performed exceptionally well, being able to detect over 90% of suspicious transactions.
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The enzyme-based degradation of lignocellulose for bioenergy production is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. This study aimed to elucidate the enzymatic characteristics of endoglucanase (EGL), β-glucosidase (BGL), and xylanase (XYN) from Trichoderma guizhouence NJAU4742, and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying their synergistic
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The enzyme-based degradation of lignocellulose for bioenergy production is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach. This study aimed to elucidate the enzymatic characteristics of endoglucanase (EGL), β-glucosidase (BGL), and xylanase (XYN) from Trichoderma guizhouence NJAU4742, and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying their synergistic degradation of different natural substrates. The results demonstrated that the three enzymes possessed remarkable high-temperature catalytic activity, broad pH adaptability, and responsiveness to different metal ions. The functional group absorption peaks of different substrates were shifted and altered after the synergistic action, particularly for C=O and O-H. Simultaneously, the crystallinity index of wheat straw, soybean straw, rice straw, and corn straw decreased by 7.40%, 2.37%, 20.60%, and 7.67%, respectively, compared to CK (natural straw). Additionally, the dense structure of different substrates was destroyed, and the inner parenchyma began to be exposed after the synergistic action, as observed by SEM. These findings offer valuable theoretical guidance for the development of lignocellulase applications.
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The required processes and steps for making bread include technological and innovative concepts. The current trend is the use of less toxic compounds and green methods. Besides lactic acid bacteria and yeast, other microorganisms with unique properties, such as enzymes, new aromas and
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The required processes and steps for making bread include technological and innovative concepts. The current trend is the use of less toxic compounds and green methods. Besides lactic acid bacteria and yeast, other microorganisms with unique properties, such as enzymes, new aromas and flavors, exopolysaccharides, and vitamins, among other compounds with beneficial properties, could be added to bread manufacture, improving bread quality and health effects for the consumers. The preservation of microbial cultures and starters is crucial in bread-making. New encapsulation methods, cryoprotectants, spray-drying, fluidized bed drying, and vacuum drying are employed for microorganism cultures that will be used as starters or biological additives in fermentation. A development is observed in the antimicrobial methods used as bread preservatives, and studies with plant extracts and essential oils have been proposed and introduced, replacing chemical agents, such as propionate, within the clean-label bread formulations concept. Baking science is a growing research line that incorporates innovative methods, biological additives, new methods, and processes focusing on microbiological protection.
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The discovery and biotechnological application of new antimicrobial peptides are impeded by a lack of sensitive methods for peptide quantification. Paenibacillin is an emerging antimicrobial lantibiotic that was discovered in Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF ATCC PTA-7852, isolated from the fermented vegetable Kimchee. This lantibiotic
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The discovery and biotechnological application of new antimicrobial peptides are impeded by a lack of sensitive methods for peptide quantification. Paenibacillin is an emerging antimicrobial lantibiotic that was discovered in Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF ATCC PTA-7852, isolated from the fermented vegetable Kimchee. This lantibiotic has potency against many foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. To advance the research and application of paenibacillin, a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection and quantification immunoassay was developed. After anti-paenibacillin polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were generated and purified, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed and optimized for paenibacillin quantification. The dynamic range of the cELISA was determined by using a three-parameter nonlinear regression model, achieving a correlation (R2) value of 0.95. The cELISA displayed high sensitivity, with the ability to detect paenibacillin at levels as low as 15.6 ng/mL, which is significantly lower than the limit of detection of the conventional antimicrobial assay (20 µg/mL paenibacillin). The cELISA successfully differentiated paenibacillin concentrations in cell-free crude supernatants of P. polymyxa wild type and its mutant strain when grown at 30 °C and 37 °C; higher paenibacillin levels were found in the mutant (0.248–0.276 µg/mL) than in the wild type (0.122–0.212 µg/mL) culture. These findings were validated by the transcriptional analysis of 11 paenibacillin biosynthetic genes, which were significantly upregulated (≥2-fold increase) in the mutant compared with the wild strain. Additionally, the cELISA exhibited high sensitivity by recovery of paenibacillin titers spiked at 2.5 and 10 µg/mL in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth and diluted skim milk. These results suggest that the anti-paenibacillin pAbs and the developed cELISA could be valuable in quantifying paenibacillin in complex matrices and in aiding the discovery of paenibacillin-producing natural microbiota.
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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are associated with adverse health effects. This study examined the trend of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels in individuals with and without pre-existing comorbidities. We analyzed the characteristics of 13,887 participants across nine U.S.
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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are associated with adverse health effects. This study examined the trend of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels in individuals with and without pre-existing comorbidities. We analyzed the characteristics of 13,887 participants across nine U.S. NHANES cycles (1999–2000 to 2017–2018) and calculated the geometric mean (GM) of PFOA and PFOS levels, standardized by sex and age. A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of serum PFOA and PFOS levels. We observed declining PFOA and PFOS serum levels among adults in NHANES from 1999–2000 to 2017–2018. Serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations were higher in men, smokers, and individuals with pre-existing diabetes, CKD, hyperlipidemia, CVD, and cancer. We observed faster decline rates in PFOA levels among individuals with diabetes and CKD and faster decline rates in PFOS levels among individuals with diabetes and those without CKD. This study provided evidence of varying levels and changing trends of PFOA and PFOS between groups with and without established chronic disease, highlighting the role of environmental chemicals in the onset and development of chronic diseases.
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Vascular neoplasms, including hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HMA), are more common in dogs than other domestic animal species; however, comprehensive laboratory screening tests for early diagnosis are currently limited. The aims of this study were to investigate general signalments, anatomic locations, and clinicopathological
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Vascular neoplasms, including hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HMA), are more common in dogs than other domestic animal species; however, comprehensive laboratory screening tests for early diagnosis are currently limited. The aims of this study were to investigate general signalments, anatomic locations, and clinicopathological abnormalities of dogs diagnosed with vascular neoplasms and to determine the diagnostic significance of these abnormalities. Retrospective data of dogs with HMA, HSA, and healthy dogs were analyzed. Dogs with HMA and HSA were seniors, with mixed breeds being most affected. HMA affected predominantly non-visceral sites, while HSA was more common in visceral sites, particularly the spleen. In multivariate model analyses, the odds of HMA diagnosis were 5.5 times higher in anemic dogs and 33.0 times higher in lymphopenic dogs compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The odds of HSA diagnosis were 42.5 times higher in anemic dogs, 343 times higher in lymphopenic dogs and 92.7 times higher in dogs with hyperfibrinogenemia compared to dogs without the abnormalities. The study suggested that these identified abnormalities were nonspecific and commonly observed in various chronic diseases, and hence their combination with clinical information, such as diagnostic imaging and histopathology, is important to facilitate a more precise diagnosis of canine vascular neoplasms.
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Inês L. Reis, Bruna Lopes, Patrícia Sousa, Ana C. Sousa, Ana R. Caseiro, Carla M. Mendonça, Jorge M. Santos, Luís M. Atayde, Rui D. Alvites and Ana C. Maurício
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a
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Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a diverse range of therapeutic options for musculoskeletal problems. Staying abreast of these advancements can be challenging, prompting the need for a comprehensive review of commonly used and recent treatments. The aim is to compile current therapeutic options for managing these injuries, spanning from simple to complex physiotherapy techniques, conservative treatments including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, pentosan polysulfate, and polyacrylamides, to promising regenerative therapies such as hemoderivatives and stem cell-based therapies. Each therapeutic modality is scrutinized for its benefits, limitations, and potential synergistic actions to facilitate their most effective application for the intended healing/regeneration of the injured tissue/organ and subsequent patient recovery. While stem cell-based therapies have emerged as particularly promising for equine musculoskeletal injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is underscored throughout the discussion, emphasizing the importance of considering various therapeutic modalities in tandem.
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Mushroom production and consumption are gaining increased interest due to their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, in the mushroom industry, large amounts of by-products are generated, which have a high negative environmental and economic impact. In this study, an osmotic dehydration process
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Mushroom production and consumption are gaining increased interest due to their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, in the mushroom industry, large amounts of by-products are generated, which have a high negative environmental and economic impact. In this study, an osmotic dehydration process followed by hot-air-drying was applied to mushroom stems to produce dried mushrooms as the end product. The osmotic dehydration conditions (concentration of hypertonic solution, specifically, 10–30% maltodextrin and 20–40% oligofructose; a treatment time of 40–80 min; and a temperature range of 30–50 °C) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that a four-factor three-level Box–Behnken experimental design was effectively implemented to evaluate the effect of the process parameters and identify the optimal osmotic dehydration conditions for producing osmotically dehydrated mushrooms. The main factor affecting mass transfer was the osmosis temperature, and the optimal conditions were found to be 38 °C, 40% oligofructose and 19.3% maltodextrin as the osmotic agents, and 80 min of immersion time. Moreover, the results showed that osmotic pretreatment, in the optimal conditions, significantly reduced the required drying time of the by-products compared to traditional hot-air-drying, especially at milder drying temperatures. Consequently, the required energy was also reduced by at least 40% at 50 °C.
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Carlos Cardoso, Jorge Valentim, Romina Gomes, Joana Matos, Andreia Rego, Inês Coelho, Inês Delgado, Carla Motta, Isabel Castanheira, José A. M. Prates, Narcisa M. Bandarra and Cláudia Afonso
Most world countries are experiencing a remarkable aging process. Meanwhile, 50 million people are affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia and there is an increasing trend in the incidence of these major health problems. In order to address these, the increasing
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Most world countries are experiencing a remarkable aging process. Meanwhile, 50 million people are affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia and there is an increasing trend in the incidence of these major health problems. In order to address these, the increasing evidence suggesting the protective effect of dietary interventions against cognitive decline during aging may suggest a response to this challenge. There are nutrients with a neuroprotective effect. However, Western diets are poor in healthy n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iodine (I), and other nutrients that may protect against cognitive aging. Given DHA richness in chub mackerel (Scomber colias), high vitamin B9 levels in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and I abundance in the seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides, a functional hamburger rich in these nutrients by using these ingredients was developed and its formulation was optimized in preliminary testing. The effects of culinary treatment (steaming, roasting, and grilling vs. raw) and digestion on bioaccessibility were evaluated. The hamburgers had high levels of n-3 PUFAs in the range of 42.0–46.4% and low levels of n-6 PUFAs (6.6–6.9%), resulting in high n-3/n-6 ratios (>6). Bioaccessibility studies showed that the hamburgers could provide the daily requirements of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA with 19.6 g raw, 18.6 g steamed, 18.9 g roasted, or 15.1 g grilled hamburgers. Polyphenol enrichment by the seaweed and antioxidant activity were limited. The hamburgers contained high levels of Se and I at 48–61 μg/100 g ww and 221–255 μg/100 g ww, respectively. Selenium (Se) and I bioaccessibility levels were 70–85% and 57–70%, respectively, which can be considered high levels. Nonetheless, for reaching dietary requirements, considering the influence of culinary treatment and bioaccessibility, 152.2–184.2 g would be necessary to ensure daily Se requirements and 92.0–118.1 g for I needs.
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This paper aims to provide an updated review and current understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures—focusing on heat stress (HS)—on the quality of pork and poultry meat, particularly amidst an unprecedented global rise in environmental temperatures. Acute or chronic HS can lead
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This paper aims to provide an updated review and current understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures—focusing on heat stress (HS)—on the quality of pork and poultry meat, particularly amidst an unprecedented global rise in environmental temperatures. Acute or chronic HS can lead to the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat during short transportation or of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat associated with long transportation and seasonal changes in pork and poultry meat. While HS is more likely to result in PSE meat, cold stress (CS) is more commonly linked to the development of DFD meat. Methods aimed at mitigating the effects of HS include showering (water sprinkling/misting) during transport, as well as control and adequate ventilation rates in the truck, which not only improve animal welfare but also reduce mortality and the incidence of PSE meat. To mitigate CS, bedding on trailers and closing the tracks’ curtains (insulation) are viable strategies. Ongoing efforts to minimize meat quality deterioration due to HS or CS must prioritize the welfare of the livestock and focus on the scaleup of laboratory testing to commercial applications.
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This study focused on isolating tannin-tolerant yeasts from Miang, a fermented tea leaf product collected from northern Laos PDR, and investigating related food applications. From 43 Miang samples, six yeast isolates capable of ethanol production were obtained, with five isolates showing growth on
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This study focused on isolating tannin-tolerant yeasts from Miang, a fermented tea leaf product collected from northern Laos PDR, and investigating related food applications. From 43 Miang samples, six yeast isolates capable of ethanol production were obtained, with five isolates showing growth on YPD agar containing 4% (w/v) tannic acid. Molecular identification revealed three isolates as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B5-1, B5-2, and C6-3), along with Candida tropicalis and Kazachstania humilis. Due to safety considerations, only Saccharomyces spp. were selected for further tannic acid tolerance study to advance food applications. Tannic acid at 1% (w/v) significantly influenced ethanol fermentation in all S. cerevisiae isolates. Notably, B5-2 and C6-3 showed high ethanol fermentation efficiency (2.5% w/v), while others were strongly inhibited. The application of tannin-tolerant yeasts in longan fruit wine (LFW) fermentation with longan seed extract (LSE) supplementation as a source of tannin revealed that C6-3 had the best efficacy for LFW fermentation. C6-3 showed promising efficacy, particularly with LSE supplementation, enhancing phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, indicating potential antidiabetic properties. These findings underscore the potential of tannin-tolerant S. cerevisiae C6-3 for fermenting beverages from tannin-rich substrates like LSE, with implications for functional foods and nutraceuticals promoting health benefits.
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Millet is a small-seeded cereal crop with big potential. There are many different cultivars of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) with different characteristics, bringing forth the issue of sorting which are important for growers, processors, and consumers. Current methods of grain cultivar
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Millet is a small-seeded cereal crop with big potential. There are many different cultivars of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) with different characteristics, bringing forth the issue of sorting which are important for growers, processors, and consumers. Current methods of grain cultivar detection and classification are subjective, destructive, and time-consuming. Therefore, there is a need to develop nondestructive methods for sorting the cultivars of proso millet. In this study, the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (900–1700 nm) to discriminate between different cultivars of proso millet seeds was evaluated. A total of 5000 proso millet seeds were randomly obtained and investigated from the ten most popular cultivars in the United States, namely Cerise, Cope, Earlybird, Huntsman, Minco, Plateau, Rise, Snowbird, Sunrise, and Sunup. To reduce the large dimensionality of the hyperspectral imaging, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, and the first two principal components were used as spectral features for building the classification models because they had the largest variance. The classification performance showed prediction accuracy rates as high as 99% for classifying the different cultivars of proso millet using a Gradient tree boosting ensemble machine learning algorithm. Moreover, the classification was successfully performed using only 15 and 5 selected spectral features (wavelengths), with an accuracy of 98.14% and 97.6%, respectively. The overall results indicate that NIR hyperspectral imaging could be used as a rapid and nondestructive method for the classification of proso millet seeds.
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