Peptides with antimicrobial activity or protease inhibitory activity are potential candidates to supplement traditional antibiotics or cancer chemotherapies. However, the potential of many peptides are limited by drawbacks such as cytotoxicity or susceptibility to hydrolysis. Therefore, strategies to modify the structure of promising peptides may represent an effective approach for developing more promising clinical candidates. In this study, the mature peptide OSTI−1949, a Kunitz-type inhibitor from Odorrana schmackeri, and four designed analogues were successfully synthesised. In contrast to the parent peptide, the analogues showed impressive multi-functionality including antimicrobial, anticancer, and trypsin inhibitory activities. In terms of safety, there were no obvious changes observed in the haemolytic activity at the highest tested concentration, and the analogue OSTI−2461 showed an increase in activity against cancer cell lines without cytotoxicity to normal cells (HaCaT). In summary, through structural modification of a natural Kunitz-type peptide, the biological activity of analogues was improved whilst retaining low cytotoxicity. The strategy of helicity enhancement by forming an artificial α-helix and ß-sheet structure provides a promising way to develop original bioactive peptides for clinical therapeutics. Full article

To address the inherent challenges of deep space exploration, such as communication delays and the unpredictability of spacecraft environments, this study focuses on enhancing spacecraft adaptability and autonomy, which are essential for Autonomous Space Scientific Exploration. A pivotal aspect of this endeavor is the advancement of spacecraft task scheduling, which is integral to increasing spacecraft autonomy. Current research in this domain predominantly revolves around mission timing planning and is primarily executed from ground stations. However, these plans often lack the granularity required for direct implementation by spacecraft. In response, our study proposes an innovative approach to augment spacecraft autonomy, introducing a method that articulately describes mission objectives and resource information. We designed a novel hierarchical task network-timeline (HTN-T) algorithm, an amalgamation of the HTN scheduling method and the distinctive elements of existing research. This algorithm addresses time constraints through horizontal and vertical expansions, building upon the resolution of logical constraints found in conventional planning methods. Furthermore, it introduces a priority-based strategy for resolving resource conflicts in spacecraft tasks. This algorithm is substantiated through validation, including proof-of-principle demonstrations and assessments within a Space–ground Collaborative Management and Control System encompassing both ground and spacecraft operations. The findings indicate that our proposed algorithm achieves high rates of scheduling success and operational efficiency within a feasible timeframe, thus effectively navigating the complexities of autonomous spacecraft task scheduling. Full article

The characteristics of linear hydroelastic waves propagating in a channel covered with compressed ice are investigated. The channel has a rectangular cross-section and is assumed to be infinite in length. The fluid in the channel is non-viscous and incompressible; its flow is potential. The ice cover is modelled by an elastic plate of constant thickness frozen to the channel walls. Principal attention is paid to the investigation of the influence of ice compression on the parameters of hydroelastic waves. The problem is solved in a coupled hydroelastic formulation. The profiles of propagating waves in the channel are sought in the form of series on the normal modes of a dry plate. The modes are defined analytically through trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. It is shown that compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions has different effects on the dispersion relations of these hydroelastic waves, their shape and phase, as well as on the critical velocities and strains distribution. Full article

Thyroid Cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with increasing incidence globally. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), a differentiated form of TC, accounts for approximately 90% of TC and occurs predominantly in women of childbearing age. Although responsive to current treatments, recurrence of PTC by middle age is common and is much more refractive to treatment. Undifferentiated TC, particularly anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), is the most aggressive TC subtype, characterized by it being resistant and unresponsive to all therapeutic and surgical interventions. Further, ATC is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies across all cancer types. Despite the differences in therapeutic needs in differentiated vs. undifferentiated TC subtypes, there is a critical unmet need for the identification of molecular biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis, prognosis, and actionable therapeutic targets for intervention. Advances in the field of cancer genomics have enabled for the elucidation of differential gene expression patterns between tumors and healthy tissue. A novel category of molecules, known as non-coding RNAs, can themselves be differentially expressed, and extensively contribute to the up- and downregulation of protein coding genes, serving as master orchestrators of regulated and dysregulated gene expression patterns. These non-coding RNAs have been identified for their roles in driving carcinogenic patterns at various stages of tumor development and have become attractive targets for study. The identification of specific genes that are differentially expressed can give insight into mechanisms that drive carcinogenic patterns, filling the gaps of deciphering molecular and cellular processes that modulate TC subtypes, outside of well-known driver mutations. Full article

The authors present an analysis of the correlation between demographic and territorial indicators and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emphasizing the spatial aspect using statistical methods. Particular attention is given to the application of correlation techniques, considering the spatial correlation between the involved variables, such as demographic, territorial, and environmental indicators. The demographic data include factors such as population, demographic distribution, and population density; territorial indicators include land use, particularly settlements, and road soil occupancy. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to identify the direct relationships between these variables and emissions; (2) to evaluate the spatial dependence between geographical entities; and (3) to contribute to generating a deeper understanding of the phenomena under examination. Using spatial autocorrelation analysis, our study aims to provide a comprehensive framework of the territorial dynamics that influence the quantity of emissions. This approach can contribute to formulating more targeted environmental policies, considering the spatial nuances that characterize the relationships between demographics, territory, and GHGs. The outcome of this research is the identification of a direct formula to obtain greenhouse gas emissions from data about land use starting from the case study of Pavia Province in Italy. In the paper, the authors highlight different methodologies to compare land use and GHG emissions to select the most feasible correlation formula. The proposed procedure has been tested and can be used to promote awareness of the spatial dimension in the analysis of complex interactions between anthropogenic factors and environmental impacts. Full article

IoT has seen remarkable growth, particularly in healthcare, leading to the rise of IoMT. IoMT integrates medical devices for real-time data analysis and transmission but faces challenges in data security and interoperability. This research identifies a significant gap in the existing literature regarding a comprehensive ontology for vulnerabilities in medical IoT devices. This paper proposes a fundamental domain ontology named MIoT (Medical Internet of Things) ontology, focusing on cybersecurity in IoMT (Internet of Medical Things), particularly in remote patient monitoring settings. This research will refer to similar-looking acronyms, IoMT and MIoT ontology. It is important to distinguish between the two. IoMT is a collection of various medical devices and their applications within the research domain. On the other hand, MIoT ontology refers to the proposed ontology that defines various concepts, roles, and individuals. MIoT ontology utilizes the knowledge engineering methodology outlined in Ontology Development 101, along with the structured life cycle, and establishes semantic interoperability among medical devices to secure IoMT assets from vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. By defining key concepts and relationships, it becomes easier to understand and analyze the complex network of information within the IoMT. The MIoT ontology captures essential key terms and security-related entities for future extensions. A conceptual model is derived from the MIoT ontology and validated through a case study. Furthermore, this paper outlines a roadmap for future research, highlighting potential impacts on security automation in healthcare applications. Full article

The three-pronged sliding universal coupling is a new kind of three-pronged coupling. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that, compared with a traditional unequal angular velocity universal coupling (such as the Hooke universal coupling), the universal coupling has the superior characteristics of constant angular speed transmission, simple structure and strong transmission capacity by performing kinematic and dynamic analysis of the new three-pronged sliding constant angular velocity universal coupling. It provides a broad prospect for applications in automotive and other fields. To study its kinematic and dynamic characteristics, directional cosine matrices are utilized as tools to analyze the coordinate systems by establishing simplified geometric models and corresponding motions. Through the analysis of the motions of the input and output shafts and employing the method of single-force element, a set of equilibrium equations for the forces acting on the output shaft and the input shaft are formulated for solution analysis. The research indicates that during the rotation process, there exists a small angular difference between the input shaft and the intermediate shaft, demonstrating the quasi-constant angular velocity characteristics of the new tripod sliding universal coupling. The curves of the forces and force moment acting on each component of the coupling approximate sinusoidal curves. The optimal operating angle range for the new tripod universal coupling is at angle , during which the system exhibits good transmission and mechanical performance. It can be widely used in the automobile industry, tie steel industry and other occasions that require angular transmission. It is especially used in high-speed operation and large transmission capacity. Full article

Duplex stainless steels are materials with high performance under mechanical stress and stress corrosion in chloride ion environments. Despite being used in many new applications such as components for offshore drilling platforms as well as in the chemical and petrochemical industry, the automotive industry, etc., they face issues of wear and hardness that limit current applications and prevent the creation of new use opportunities. To address these shortcomings, it is proposed to develop a hardfacing process by a special welding technique using a universal TIG source adapted for manual welding with a pulsed current, and a manganese austenitic alloy electrode as filler material. The opportunity to deposit layers of manganese austenitic steel through welding creates advantages related to the possibility of achieving high mechanical characteristics of this steel exclusively in the working area of the part, while the substrate material will not undergo significant changes in chemical composition. As a result of the high strain hardening rate, assisted mainly by mechanical twinning, manganese austenitic alloys having a face-centered cubic crystal lattice (f.c.c) and low stacking fault energy (SFE = 20–40 mJ/m²) at room temperature, exhibit high wear resistance and exceptional toughness. Following cold deformation, the hardness of the deposited metal increases to 465 HV5–490 HV5. The microstructural characteristics were investigated through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vickers hardness measurements (HV). The obtained results highlighted the feasibility of forming hard coatings on duplex stainless steel substrates. Full article

(1) Background: Home sleep apnea testing, known as polysomnography type 3 (PSG3), underestimates respiratory events in comparison with in-laboratory polysomnography type 1 (PSG1). Without head electrodes for scoring sleep and arousal, in a home environment, patients feel unfettered and move their bodies more naturally. Adopting a natural position may decrease obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in PSG3, independently of missing hypopneas associated with arousals. (2) Methods: Patients with suspected OSA performed PSG1 and PSG3 in a randomized sequence. We performed an additional analysis, called reduced polysomnography, in which we blindly reassessed all PSG1 tests to remove electroencephalographic electrodes, electrooculogram, and surface electromyography data to estimate the impact of not scoring sleep and arousal-based hypopneas on the test results. A difference of 15 or more in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) between tests was deemed clinically relevant. We compared the group of patients with and without clinically relevant differences between lab and home tests (3) Results: As expected, by not scoring sleep, there was a decrease in OSA severity in the lab test, similar to the home test results. The group of patients with clinically relevant differences between lab and home tests presented more severe OSA in the lab compared to the other group (mean AHI, 42.5 vs. 20.2 events/h, p = 0.002), and this difference disappeared in the home test. There was no difference between groups in the shift of OSA severity by abolishing sleep scoring in the lab. However, by comparing lab and home tests, there were greater variations in supine AHI and time spent in the supine position in the group with a clinically relevant difference, either with or without scoring sleep, showing an impact of the site of the test on body position during sleep. These variations presented as a marked increase or decrease in supine outcomes according to the site of the test, with no particular trend. (4) Conclusions: In-lab polysomnography may artificially increase OSA severity in a subset of patients by inducing marked changes in body position compared to home tests. The location of the sleep test seems to interfere with the evaluation of patients with more severe OSA. Full article

Erythropoiesis is initiated with the transformation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into committed erythroid progenitor cells in the erythroblastic islands of the bone marrow in adults. These cells undergo several stages of differentiation, including erythroblast formation, normoblast formation, and finally, the expulsion of the nucleus to form mature red blood cells. The erythropoietin (EPO) pathway, which is activated by hypoxia, induces stimulation of the erythroid progenitor cells and the promotion of their proliferation and survival as well as maturation and hemoglobin synthesis. The regulation of erythropoiesis is a complex and dynamic interaction of a myriad of factors, such as transcription factors (GATA-1, STAT5), cytokines (IL-3, IL-6, IL-11), iron metabolism and cell cycle regulators. Multiple microRNAs are involved in erythropoiesis, mediating cell growth and development, regulating oxidative stress, erythrocyte maturation and differentiation, hemoglobin synthesis, transferrin function and iron homeostasis. This review aims to explore the physiology of steady-state erythropoiesis and to outline key mechanisms involved in ineffective erythropoiesis linked to anemia, chronic inflammation, stress, and hematological malignancies. Studying aberrations in erythropoiesis in various diseases allows a more in-depth understanding of the heterogeneity within erythroid populations and the development of gene therapies to treat hematological disorders. Full article

Thermal events in lead-acid batteries during their operation play an important role; they affect not only the reaction rate of ongoing electrochemical reactions, but also the rate of discharge and self-discharge, length of service life and, in critical cases, can even cause a fatal failure of the battery, known as “thermal runaway.” This contribution discusses the parameters affecting the thermal state of the lead-acid battery. It was found by calculations and measurements that there is a cooling component in the lead-acid battery system which is caused by the endothermic discharge reactions and electrolysis of water during charging, related to entropy change contribution. Thus, under certain circumstances, it is possible to lower the temperature of the lead-acid battery during its discharging. The Joule heat generated on the internal resistance of the cell due to current flow, the exothermic charging reaction, and above all, the gradual increase in polarization as the cell voltage increases during charging all contribute to the heating of the cell, overtaking the cooling effect. Of these three sources of thermal energy, Joule heating in polarization resistance contributes the most to the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery. Thus, the maximum voltage reached determines the slope of the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery cell, and by a suitably chosen limiting voltage, it is possible to limit the danger of the “thermal runaway” effect. The overall thermal conditions of the experimental cell are significantly affected by the ambient temperature of the external environment and the rate of heat transfer through the walls of the calorimeter. A series of experiments with direct temperature measurement of individual locations within a lead-acid battery uses a calorimeter made of expanded polystyrene to minimize external influences. A hitherto unpublished phenomenon is discussed whereby the temperature of the positive electrode was lower than that of the negative electrode throughout the discharge, while during charging, the order was reversed and the temperature of the positive electrode was higher than that of the negative electrode throughout the charge. The authors relate this phenomenon to the higher reaction entropy change of the active mass of the positive electrode than that of the negative electrode. Full article

This study investigated the main microbial groups characterizing the interior surface of oak barrels from different years (1890, 1895, 1920, 1975, 2008) used in the production of vino cotto. The yeasts were characterized for the following properties: γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, antioxidant activity, air–liquid interfacial biofilm formation, and anthocyanin adsorption capacity. Community-level physiological profile analysis revealed that the microbial communities inside the barrels used the tested carbon sources in different manners. The following yeast species were identified: Millerozyma farinosa, Zygosaccharomyces bisporus, Wickerhamiella versatilis, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Starmerella lactis-condensi, and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. All the strains were able to produce GABA, and S. lactis-condensi, Z. bisporus and Z. rouxii were the highest producers (more than 600 mg/L). The Z. rouxii and Z. bailii strains showed the highest antioxidant activity. Only seven strains out of ten M. farinosa formed air–liquid interfacial biofilm. None of the M. farinosa strains adsorbed anthocyanins on their cell wall. The other strains adsorbed anthocyanins in a strain-dependent way, and the highest adsorption was observed for the W. versatilis strains. The yeasts isolated in this study could be used to increase the functional properties and the quality of fermented foods and beverages. Full article

This paper presents a new technique for estimating the two-dimensional direction of departure (2D-DOD) and direction of arrival (2D-DOA) in bistatic uniform planar array Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar systems. The method is based on the reduced-dimension (RD) MUSIC algorithm, aiming to achieve improved precision and computational efficiency. Primarily, this pioneering approach efficiently transforms the four-dimensional (4D) estimation problem into two-dimensional (2D) searches, thus reducing the computational complexity typically associated with conventional MUSIC algorithms. Then, exploits the spatial diversity of array response vectors to construct a 4D spatial spectrum function, which is crucial in resolving the complex angular parameters of multiple simultaneous targets. Finally, the objective is to simplify the spatial spectrum to a 2D search within a 4D measurement space to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency and accuracy. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm compared to several existing approaches, demonstrating its robustness in accurately estimating 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA across various scenarios. The proposed technique shows significant computational savings and high-resolution estimations and maintains high precision, setting a new benchmark for future explorations in the field. Full article

Viscoelastic materials are applied in several fields, and their relaxation characteristics are intricately related to the failure mechanism of sealing components and the generation of indentation rolling resistance in belt conveyors. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relaxation characteristics of viscoelastic materials using characterization models. This article focuses on exploring these characterization models and the indentation rolling resistance of viscoelastic materials. The research comprises the following aspects: (1) A 2N + 2 element generalized Maxwell constitutive model is proposed for the relaxation behavior of viscoelastic materials to address the limitations of conventional relaxation models. (2) We conducted numerical calculations based on the relaxation modulus to solve the relaxation spectrum using several relaxation spectrum models. The findings showed that the model parameters were dependent on the testing time range. (3) The relationship between the indentation rolling resistance and relaxation model parameters was evaluated based on the theoretical foundation of the indentation rolling resistance calculation. Full article

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the main pathogens that can negatively affect soybean production and quality. To study the gene regulatory network of soybeans in response to SMV SC15, the resistant line X149 and susceptible line X97 were subjected to transcriptome analysis at 0, 2, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi). Differential expression analysis revealed that 10,190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responded to SC15 infection. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify highly related resistance gene modules; in total, eight modules, including 2256 DEGs, were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of 2256 DEGs revealed that the genes significantly clustered into resistance-related pathways, such as the plant–pathogen interaction pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Among these pathways, we found that the flg22, Ca²⁺, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and abscisic acid (ABA) regulatory pathways were fully covered by 36 DEGs. Among the 36 DEGs, the gene Glyma.01G225100 (protein phosphatase 2C, PP2C) in the ABA regulatory pathway, the gene Glyma.16G031900 (WRKY transcription factor 22, WRKY22) in Ca²⁺ and H₂O₂ regulatory pathways, and the gene Glyma.04G175300 (calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPK) in Ca²⁺ regulatory pathways were highly connected hub genes. These results indicate that the resistance of X149 to SC15 may depend on the positive regulation of flg22, Ca²⁺, H₂O₂, and ABA regulatory pathways. Our study further showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, H₂O₂ content, and catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly up-regulated in the resistant line X149 compared with those in 0 hpi. This finding indicates that the H₂O₂ regulatory pathway might be dependent on flg22- and Ca²⁺-pathway-induced ROS generation. In addition, two hub genes, Glyma.07G190100 (encoding F-box protein) and Glyma.12G185400 (encoding calmodulin-like proteins, CMLs), were also identified and they could positively regulate X149 resistance. This study provides pathways for further investigation of SMV resistance mechanisms in soybean. Full article

Previous studies suggested that the location of the primary tumor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with clinical features and prognosis, but results are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to explore tumor location as an independent risk factor of survival for patients with completely resected pathological stage I NSCLC. This was a multicenter retrospective study conducted in Taiwan. Included patients were diagnosed with stage I NSCLC and had undergone primary tumor resection. Variables including tumor location, pathological stage, histological differentiation, and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) grade were evaluated for predictive ability for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 208 patients were included, with 123 (59.1%) patients having a primary tumor in the upper and middle lobes. The median duration of follow-up for survivors was 60.5 months. Compared to patients with IASLC Grade 3 disease, patients with Grade 1 disease had significantly longer DFS. Tumor location and IASLC grade were independent predictors for OS in multivariate analysis. Specifically, patients with NSCLC in the lower lobe and patients who are histologically classified as IASLC Grade 3 may have poorer prognosis and require greater attention to improve outcomes. Full article

Developed to achieve the balancing of three-phase loads and improve their power factor, the BCC (Balancing Capacitive Compensator) is presented in this paper as having a broader capability, namely that of balancing the two-way power flow. BCCs are becoming useful in today’s distribution networks with a high content of DERs (Distributed Energy Resources), where unbalanced power transfers to the higher voltage network occur more and more frequently as a result of the excess power generated. The article contains a case study in which, by means of Matlab-Simulink 2021 modelling, such a network is studied by considering two regimes corresponding to the two-way power flow. The numerical analysis of phase components and sequence components confirms the validity of the mathematical model concerning the BCC and also for the case of changing the way of power flow in the section controlled by the compensator. This demonstrates the possibility of extending the load balancing function of the BCC to that of balancing the two-way power flow and is an additional argument in support of replacing, in the more or less near future, conventional shunt capacitive compensators with capacitive balancing compensators. Full article

Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has garnered increasing attention among researchers. While classical networks like convolution neural networks (CNNs) have achieved satisfactory results with the advent of deep learning, they are confined to processing local information. Vision transformers, despite being effective at establishing long-distance dependencies, face challenges in extracting high-representation features for high-dimensional images. In this paper, we present the multiscale efficient attention with enhanced feature transformer (MEA-EFFormer), which is designed for the efficient extraction of spectral–spatial features, leading to effective classification. MEA-EFFormer employs a multiscale efficient attention feature extraction module to initially extract 3D convolution features and applies effective channel attention to refine spectral information. Following this, 2D convolution features are extracted and integrated with local binary pattern (LBP) spatial information to augment their representation. Then, the processed features are fed into a spectral–spatial enhancement attention (SSEA) module that facilitates interactive enhancement of spectral–spatial information across the three dimensions. Finally, these features undergo classification through a transformer encoder. We evaluate MEA-EFFormer against several state-of-the-art methods on three datasets and demonstrate its outstanding HSIC performance. Full article

A novel regression method is introduced and studied. The procedure weights squared residuals based on their magnitude. Unlike the classic least squares which treats every squared residual as equally important, the new procedure exponentially down-weights squared residuals that lie far away from the cloud of all residuals and assigns a constant weight (one) to squared residuals that lie close to the center of the squared-residual cloud. The new procedure can keep a good balance between robustness and efficiency; it possesses the highest breakdown point robustness for any regression equivariant procedure, being much more robust than the classic least squares, yet much more efficient than the benchmark robust method, the least trimmed squares (LTS) of Rousseeuw. With a smooth weight function, the new procedure could be computed very fast by the first-order (first-derivative) method and the second-order (second-derivative) method. Assertions and other theoretical findings are verified in simulated and real data examples. Full article

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating condition marked by muscle and fat loss, that is unresponsive to nutritional support and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Immune dysfunction, driven by cytokine imbalance, contributes to CAC progression. This review explores the potential relationship between CAC and anti-cancer immune response in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Pre-clinical studies showcase the involvement of cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β, in CAC. IL-6 and TNF-α, interacting with muscle and adipose tissues, induce wasting through JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exacerbate CAC by promoting inflammation. Clinical studies confirm elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and immune markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with CAC. Thus, immunomodulatory mechanisms involved in CAC may impact the anti-neoplastic immune response. Inhibiting CAC mechanisms could enhance anti-cancer therapies, notably immunotherapy. R-ketorolac, a new immunomodulator, reversed the weight loss and increased survival in mice. Combining these agents with immunotherapy may benefit patients with cancer experiencing CAC. Further research is vital to understand the complex interplay between tumor-induced immune dysregulation and CAC during immunotherapy. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have significantly impacted the quality of life of society in many countries in various aspects. The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the consumption of meat and fish in society in Poland as well as the factors that determined these changes. The cross-sectional study was conducted using an original online questionnaire between 8th and 18th of April 2020. The subjects were selected randomly. The target population were adults living in Poland. The inclusion criterion for the study was the age of at least 18 years and consent to selfless participation in the study. Communication via social media such as Facebook or Instagram was used to enroll more participants from different socio-demographic subgroups. The questionnaire was divided into two parts—the first part contained questions about sex, age, body mass, body height, residence, level of education, and occupation, and the second part consisted of specific questions about the consumption frequency of different kinds of meat during the COVID-19 lockdown period (in comparison to the time before the pandemic). A total of 3888 people took part in the study including 84.54% women, with an average age of 30.17 ± 9.22 years. The frequency of poultry consumption increased, while for pork, beef, ham and other meat products as well as fish and seafood it declined. The factors that influenced the change in dietary patterns during the lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic included age, body mass index, gender, place of residence, and type of work performed. However, no relationship was found between the change in meat and fish consumption during the pandemic and the level of education and form of employment during the pandemic. Full article